front 1 Affinal kin | back 1 Relatives by marriage |
front 2 Age grade | back 2 organized category of people based on age; every individual pass through a series of such categories in the course of a lifetime |
front 3 Age sets | back 3 groups of persons initiated into age grades at the same time and who move through a series of categories together. (see discussion tribes) |
front 4 Ambilineal descent | back 4
|
front 5 Ambilocal residence | back 5 : a pattern in which the married couple may choose EITHER matri or patrilocal residence. (Again, see our discussion on Carrying Capacity of land) |
front 6 Avunculocal | back 6
|
front 7 Bride price | back 7
|
front 8 Bride Service: | back 8
|
front 9 Clan | back 9 a non-corporate descent group with each member claiming descent from a common ancestor without actually knowing the exact links to that ancestor |
front 10 Common-interest associations | back 10 : Associations not based on age, kinship, marriage or territory that result from the act of joining. (SEE Tribes, Stares) |
front 11 Conjugal bond | back 11 The bond between a man and a woman who are married |
front 12 Conjugal Family | back 12
|
front 13 Consanguine family | back 13
|
front 14 Consanguineal Kin | back 14
|
front 15 Descent Group | back 15
|
front 16 Descriptive [Sudanese] system | back 16 one's father, father's brother, mother's brother is distinguished by terms, mother, mother's sister and father's sister are distinguished by terms; cross cousins are distinguished from each other AND from siblings |
front 17 Dowry | back 17
|
front 18 Egalitarian societies | back 18 social systems in which as many valued positions exist as there are capable persons of filling them. (See discussion bands |
front 19 Endogamy | back 19 Marriage within a group or a particular category of individuals |
front 20 Eskimo System [also called the LINEAL SYSTEM] | back 20 emphasizes the nuclear family by specifically identifying mother, father, brother and sister, while lumping together all other relatives into broad categories such as "uncle", "aunt" or "cousin". |
front 21 Exogamy | back 21 marriage outside of a group |
front 22 Extended family | back 22 A collection of nuclear families, related by ties of blood that live together in one household. |
front 23 Family | back 23 a residential kin group composed of a woman, her dependent children, and at least one adult male joined through a blood relationship |
front 24 Fission | back 24 The splitting of a descent group into two or more new descent groups |
front 25 Hawaiian System | back 25 kinship reckoning in which all relatives of the same sex and generation are referred to by the same term. |
front 26 Household | back 26 basic residential unit in which economic production, consumption, inheritance, child rearing and shelter are organized and carried out; may or may not be synonymous with family. |
front 27 Incest taboo | back 27 The prohibition of sexual relations between specified individuals, usually parent/child and siblings at a minimum |
front 28 Iroquois System | back 28 One's father and father's brother are referred to by a single term, one's mother and mother's sister are referred to by a single term; one's father's sister and one's mother's brother are given separate terms; parallel cousins are classified with brothers and sisters; cross cousins are classified separately, but [unlike Crow and Omaha] not equated with relatives of another generation. |
front 29 Levirate | back 29 A marriage custom according to which a widow marries a brother of her dead husband |
front 30 Lineage | back 30 A corporate descent group whose members trace their genealogical links to a common ancestor. |
front 31 Marriage | back 31 a transaction and resulting contract in which a man and a woman are recognized by a society as having a claim to the right of sexual access to one another and in which the woman is eligible to bear children. |
front 32 Matrilineal descent | back 32 Descent is traced exclusively through the female line for purposes of group membership |
front 33 Matrilocal residence | back 33 a married couple lives in the locality associated with the wife's relatives |
front 34 Moiety | back 34 Each group that results from a division of a society into two halves on the basis of descent. |
front 35 Monogamy | back 35 marriage in which an individual has a single spouse |
front 36 Natolocal | back 36 as per the Nayar: everyone stays "home" |
front 37 Neolocal residence | back 37 A pattern in which a married couple may establish their household in a location apart of either their patri or matri relatives |
front 38 Nuclear Family | back 38 a family unit consisting of husband, wide, and dependent children |
front 39 Patrilineal descent | back 39 Descent is traced exclusively through the male line for purposes of group membership |
front 40 Patrilocal residence | back 40 A residence pattern in which a married couple lies in the locality associated with the husband's father's relatives. |
front 41 Phratry | back 41 unilineal descent group composed of two more clans that claim to be of common ancestry. IF THERE ARE ONLY TWO SUCH GROUPS, EACH IS A MOIETY |
front 42 Totemism | back 42 people are related to particular animals, plants or natural objects by virtue of descent from common ancestral spirits. |
front 43 Unilineal descent | back 43 descent that establishes group membership either through the male or female line. |
front 44 Density of Social relations | back 44 The number and intensity of interactions among members of a camp or other social unit. |
front 45 Swidden farming [Slash and Burn Horticulture] | back 45 An extensive form of horticulture in which the natural vegetation is cut, the slash is subsequently burned, and crops are then planted among the ashes |
front 46 Pastoralist | back 46 Member of a society that regards animal husbandry as the ideal way of making a living and considers movement of all or part of the society a normal and natural way of life. |
front 47 Transhumance | back 47 Pattern of strict seasonal movement between different environmental zones |
front 48 Pre-industrial Cities | back 48 The kinds of urban settlements characteristic of non-industrial civilizations. |
front 49 Technology | back 49 Tools and other material equipment, together with the knowledge of how to make and use them |
front 50 Levelling mechanism | back 50 A societal obligation compelling a family to distribute goods so that no-one accumulates more than anyone else. |
front 51 Reciprocity | back 51 The exchange of goods and/or services of approximately equal value between two groups. |
front 52 Generalized Reciprocity | back 52 A mode of exchange in which the value of the gift is not calculated, nor is the time of repayment specified. |
front 53 Balanced Reciprocity | back 53 A mode of exchange whereby the giving and receiving are specific as to the value of the goods and the time of their delivery. |
front 54 Negative Reciprocity | back 54 A form of exchange whereby the giver tries to get the better of the exchange. Barter is a form of negative reciprocity |
front 55 Redistribution | back 55 A form of exchange [economic system] in which goods flow into a central place where they are sorted, counted and re-allocated. |
front 56 Band | back 56 A small group of related households occupying a particular region that gather together periodically on an ad hoc basis but that do not yield their sovereignty to the larger collective |
front 57 Tribe | back 57 `A group of nominally independent communities occupying a specific region and sharing a common language and culture integrated by some unifying factor. |
front 58 Sanctions | back 58 Externalized social controls designed to encourage conformity to social norms. POSITIVE SANCTIONS AND NEGATIVE SANCTIONS ARE INCLUDED HERE. |
front 59 Epistemology | back 59 Ecologically specific rhythms, patterns and events |
front 60 The five base tenants of native science | back 60
|