front 1 Indian Ocean trade | back 1 connected Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia and China; richest maritime trading network in the 13th and 14th centuries ; spread of compass, rudder, astrolabe, and Islam and Buddhism |
front 2 Trans-Saharan trade | back 2 across the Sahara desert; traded gold, enslaved people, ivory and salt; camels, camel caravans and camel saddles |
front 3 magnetic compass | back 3 Chinese invention that aided navigation; use spread through trade networks like Silk Roads and Indian Ocean trade |
front 4 rudder | back 4 steering device, usually a vertical blade attached to a post at the stern of the boat |
front 5 junk ship | back 5 large flat-bottom sailing ship produced int eh Tang and Song empires; specifically for long-stance commercial travel |
front 6 Kashgar | back 6 a central Asian city where the western and the eastern Silk Roads met |
front 7 Samarkand | back 7 Ruled by Timur Lane and was the most influential capital city; known for decorated mosques and tombs |
front 8 paper money | back 8 currency developed in China; facilitated trade |
front 9 caravanserai | back 9 an inn with a central courtyard for travelers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa |
front 10 monsoon winds | back 10 season wind in India, the winter monsoon brings hot, dry weather and the summer monsoon brings rain |
front 11 diaspora | back 11 a dispersion of people from their homeland; merchant communities of Muslim spread Islam throughout Southeast Asia |
front 12 dhow ships | back 12 Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails |
front 13 Mansa Musa | back 13 Muslim ruler of Mali (1312-1337); extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established empire's reputation for wealth |
front 14 Timbuktu | back 14 Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning thanks to its location in the trans-Saharan trade networks |
front 15 camel saddle | back 15 invented somewhere between 500 and 100 BCE by Bedouin tribes |
front 16 caravan | back 16 group of traveling merchants and animals; facilitated trade along the Silk Roads and the Trans-saharan trade |
front 17 Khan | back 17 name for a Mongol ruler |
front 18 Khanates | back 18 four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Ghengis Khan |
front 19 Golden Horde | back 19 Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan; quickly adopted the Turkic language and Islam |
front 20 Il-Khanate | back 20 Mongol empire that ruled over Iran and the Middle East |
front 21 Yuan dynasty | back 21 Chinese dynasty under Mongol rule by Kublai Khan; did not emphasize Confucianism and the civil service exams |
front 22 Bubonic plague | back 22 deadly disease that spread through Asia and Europe and killed more than a third of the population in some areas; spread increased thanks to the Silk Roads |
front 23 gunpowder | back 23 became a dominating military technology used to expand European and Asian empires |
front 24 Ibn Battuta | back 24 Moroccan Muslim scholar; wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain |
front 25 Marco Polo | back 25 Italian explorer; responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period |
front 26 Swahili city-states | back 26 cities along the coast of East Africa; blended traditional central African beliefs with Islam and Arabic |
front 27 Zheng He | back 27 Chinese Ming dynasty naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan and half way down the east coast of Africa |