front 1 Disease | back 1 deviation from normal structure or function of any part of the body or from a state of wellness |
front 2 Primary Prevention | back 2 Education on disease risk factors and prevent acquiring disease - don't develop the disease |
front 3 Secondary Prevention | back 3 goal to halt or slow progression of disease in early stages - after disease or serious risk factors for disease develop |
front 4 Tertiary Prevention | back 4 prevent further deterioration and improve quality of life - management of chronic health problems |
front 5 Diagnosis | back 5 identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs, symptoms, lab tests, and other tools |
front 6 Etiology | back 6 causative factors in a particular disease - congenital defects, inherited disorders, microorganisms, immune dysfunction, metabolic derangements, environment, nutritional deficiencies |
front 7 Idiopathic | back 7 cause of disease is unknown |
front 8 Iatrogenic | back 8 disease caused by treatment, procedure, or error |
front 9 Predisposing factor | back 9 tendency to promote development of disease in an individual |
front 10 Prophylaxis | back 10 a measure/step designed to preserve health and prevent spread of disease |
front 11 Prevention | back 11 type of measure closely linked to etiology of disease |
front 12 Pathogenesis | back 12 development of disease; sequence of events of tissue changes |
front 13 Onset of disease | back 13 can be sudden, acute, or insidious (gradual progression) |
front 14 Duration | back 14 can be acute or chronic |
front 15 Subclinical | back 15 pathological changes, but few if any symptoms |
front 16 Latent | back 16 initial period with no symptoms; incubation period |
front 17 Prodromal | back 17 period of early disease development with non-specific symptoms (fatigue, HA, loss of appetite); lab tests negative |
front 18 Manifestations | back 18 signs and symptoms of disease; local at side of problem or systemic |
front 19 Signs | back 19 objective indicators of disease obvious to someone other than affected individuals |
front 20 Symptoms | back 20 subjective feelings, pain or nausea |
front 21 Lesion | back 21 specific local change in tissue; micro- or macroscopic |
front 22 Syndrome | back 22 collection of signs and symptoms often more than one organ that occur together in response to a certain condition |
front 23 Remission | back 23 period or condition where manifestations subside permanently or temporarily |
front 24 Exacerbation | back 24 worsening of disease manifestations |
front 25 Precipitating factor | back 25 a condition that triggers an acute episode |
front 26 Predisposing factor | back 26 an increased risk factor for a disease |
front 27 Complications | back 27 new, secondary, or additional problems that arise after original disease begins |
front 28 Therapy | back 28 measures of treatment used to promote recovery or slow the progression or disease |
front 29 Sequelae | back 29 potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition |
front 30 Convalescence/rehabilitation | back 30 the period of recovery and return to the normal health state |
front 31 Prognosis | back 31 probability for recovery or other outcomes |
front 32 Morbidity | back 32 disease rates in a group; functional impairment that certain conditions cause in a population |
front 33 Mortality | back 33 relative number of deaths from a disease |
front 34 Autopsy | back 34 postmortem examination of all parts of the body after |
front 35 Epidemiology | back 35 science of tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease |
front 36 Incidence | back 36 number of new cases in a place in a set time period |
front 37 Prevalence | back 37 total number of new and old cases in a place in a set time period |
front 38 Endoscopic examination | back 38 visualize lesions or structures directly through a tube inserted in the body through opening or body wall |
front 39 Radiography/X-ray film | back 39 ionizing radiation, image on film of bones, soft tissue that vary in density. Plain, contrast, mammography, DXA |
front 40 Computed tomography (CT Scan) | back 40 360* x-rays in series of shots, formerly CAT scan |
front 41 Ultrasound | back 41 high frequency sound waves that bounce off body structures doppler: assess blood flow echocardiography: measures efficiency of heart valves and heart function |
front 42 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | back 42 uses magnetic field surrounding body and the hydrogen (water) content of body; radio waves energy source; nonionizing. can project past bone |
front 43 Nuclear Scanning | back 43 track distribution of a radioactive tracer substance in the body |
front 44 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) | back 44 radioisotopes w/ scanner and computer to produce a cross-sectional functional image of tissue biochemical changes in the tissue |
front 45 Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) | back 45 assess conduction system of the heart abnormal patterns assist with diagnosis of myocardial infarctions, cardiac dysrhythmias, electrolyte imbalances, digoxin toxicity |
front 46 Stress test (exercise ECG) | back 46 test cardiac function under increased workload |
front 47 Electroencephalogram (EEG) | back 47 electrical activity in the brain abnormal patterns may indicate seizure disorders, tumors, or injuries |
front 48 Spirometry | back 48 measures lung volume and capacities deviations from normal can indicate restrictive or obstructive disorders |
front 49 CBC | back 49 count and characteristics of formed elemets |
front 50 Hemoglobin | back 50 amount of hemoglobin |
front 51 Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c) | back 51 amount of glucose bound to hemoglobin; blood glucose levels over months |
front 52 hematocrit (HCT) | back 52 percentage of erythrocytes in a specific volume of blood |
front 53 white blood cell differentiation count | back 53 assess proportions of leukocytes, "differential count" |
front 54 Bone marrow aspiration | back 54 used to confirm abnormalities related to production of red blood cells; megaloblastic anemia, leukemia |
front 55 Blood culture and sensitivity | back 55 bacteremia or unknown infection |
front 56 blood blotting tests | back 56 evaluate clotting time or clotting factors |
front 57 Hemoglobin electrophoresis | back 57 detects abnormal hemoglobin |
front 58 Serum-ferritin levels | back 58 amount of iron storage |
front 59 Arterial blood gas (ABG) | back 59 acid-base balance, oxygen levels, serum pH, PO2, PCO2, SO2, carbon dioxide and oxygen content, bicarbonate, base excess or deficity |
front 60 Immunodiagnostic tests | back 60 serum antigen antibody tests skin tests, scratch tests |
front 61 Chromosomal and genetic analysis | back 61 detect chromosome or genetic abnormalities paternity testing or forensics |
front 62 Therapeutic drug monitoring | back 62 serum drug levels checked when narrow therapeutic range for drug, risk of toxicity, or severe renal/liver disease potential drug interactions |
front 63 Atrophy | back 63 a decrease in size of cells, resulting in decreased tissue mass |
front 64 Hypertrophy | back 64 increase in cell size, resulting in enlarged tissue mass |
front 65 Hyperplasia | back 65 increase in cell number, resulting in enlarged tissue mass |
front 66 Metaplasia | back 66 one mature cell type replaced by another mature cell type |
front 67 Dysplasia | back 67 tissue in which cells vary in size and shape, large nuclei are frequently present, rate of mitosis increased |
front 68 Anaplasia | back 68 cells are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structures and numerous mitotic figures |
front 69 Neoplasia | back 69 "new growth;" tumor; benign (non-spreading) or malignant (can spread/metastasize |
front 70 Ischemia | back 70 decreased oxygenated blood supply due to circulatory obstruction |
front 71 Hypoxia | back 71 decreased oxygen in cells or tissues |
front 72 Liquefaction necrosis | back 72 dead cells liquify due to cellular enzymes; ex. brain tissue |
front 73 Coagulative necrosis | back 73 cell proteins are denatured and cells retain some form for a time after death; ex. myocardial infarction; kidney |
front 74 Fat necrosis | back 74 fatty tissue broken down into fatty acids, causing inflammation; ex. mesentary |
front 75 Caseous necrosis | back 75 form of coagulation necrosis in which a thick, yellowish, "cheesy" substance forms; ex. tuberculosis |
front 76 Infarction | back 76 area of dead cells resulting from lack of oxygen; loss of tissue function in the area |
front 77 Gangrene | back 77 area of necrotic tissue associated with a lack of blood supply followed by invasion of bacteria |