front 1 Operational Definition | back 1 Clear, observable, measurable description of behavior. Ex: “Aggression = hitting with an open hand.” |
front 2 Direct Measurement | back 2 Behavior is observed and recorded directly. Ex: counting tantrums. |
front 3 Indirect Measurement | back 3 Data from interviews or rating scales. Ex: parent questionnaire. |
front 4 Product Measure | back 4 Measure permanent result of behavior. Ex: number of worksheets completed. |
front 5 Occurrence (Frequency) | back 5 How often behavior occurs. Ex: 6 hand raises. |
front 6 Duration | back 6 How long the behavior lasts. Ex: crying for 4 minutes. |
front 7 Latency | back 7 Time between instruction and response. Ex: 8 seconds to comply. |
front 8 Interresponse Time (IRT) | back 8 Time between two responses. Ex: 20 seconds between questions. |
front 9 Continuous Measurement | back 9 Behavior measured during entire observation. Ex: event recording. |
front 10 Discontinuous Measurement | back 10 Behavior measured during samples of time. Ex: interval recording. |
front 11 Interval Recording | back 11 Record if behavior occurs during interval. Ex: talking during 10-sec intervals. |
front 12 Time Sampling | back 12 Observe only at specific moments. Ex: observe every 5 minutes. |
front 13 Efficiency Measurement | back 13 Measures speed/cost of learning. Ex: trials to criterion = 12. |
front 14 Validity | back 14 Measures what it is supposed to measure. Ex: on-task behavior for attention. |
front 15 Reliability | back 15 Consistency of measurement. Ex: IOA = 92%. |
front 16 Representative Data | back 16 Data reflects real behavior across settings/times. Ex: home and school data. |
front 17 Graphing Data | back 17 Display data visually. Ex: line graph. |
front 18 Equal-Interval Graph | back 18 Equal spacing on axes. Ex: frequency across days. |
front 19 Bar Graph | back 19 Compare categories or totals. Ex: skills mastered. |
front 20 Cumulative Record | back 20 Shows total responses over time. Ex: cumulative clicks. |
front 21 Data Interpretation | back 21 Analyze trends, level, and variability. Ex: behavior decreases after treatment. |
front 22 Procedural Integrity | back 22 Accuracy of implementing procedures. Ex: 95% steps followed. |
front 23 Dependent Variable (DV) | back 23 Behavior being measured. Ex: tantrums. |
front 24 Independent Variable (IV) | back 24 Intervention applied. Ex: reinforcement schedule. |
front 25 Internal Validity | back 25 Change caused by the IV. Ex: behavior changes only after treatment. |
front 26 External Validity | back 26 Results generalize to others/settings. Ex: works in different classrooms. |
front 27 History (Threat) | back 27 Outside events affect behavior. Ex: new teacher. |
front 28 Maturation (Threat) | back 28 Natural growth causes change. Ex: child ages. |
front 29 Single-Case Design | back 29 Individual serves as own control. Ex: A-B-A-B. |
front 30 Repeated Measures | back 30 Continuous data collection over time. Ex: daily data. |
front 31 Prediction | back 31 Expected behavior without intervention. Ex: baseline trend continues. |
front 32 Verification | back 32 Confirms IV caused change. Ex: behavior returns in reversal. |
front 33 Replication | back 33 Repeating effect strengthens control. Ex: multiple phases. |
front 34 Group Design | back 34 Compare groups statistically. Ex: treatment vs control. |
front 35 Reversal Design | back 35 IV removed and reintroduced. Ex: A-B-A. |
front 36 Multiple Baseline Design | back 36 IV introduced at different times. Ex: across behaviors. |
front 37 Multielement Design | back 37 Rapid alternation of conditions. Ex: compare two treatments. |
front 38 Changing-Criterion Design | back 38 Gradual change in performance criteria. Ex: increase goals weekly. |
front 39 Comparative Analysis | back 39 Compare interventions. Ex: praise vs tokens. |
front 40 Component Analysis | back 40 Identify effective parts of intervention. Ex: which step works. |
front 41 Parametric Analysis | back 41 Change intensity/dosage of IV. Ex: more reinforcement. |
front 42 Ethics Principles | back 42 Benefit others; act with integrity and respect. Ex: client dignity. |
front 43 Ethical Risk | back 43 Harm to client/profession. Ex: data falsification. |
front 44 Professional Development | back 44 Maintain competence. Ex: CEUs, supervision. |
front 45 Confidentiality | back 45 Protect client information. Ex: secure records. |