front 1 Flourophore | back 1 a molecule that absorbs light energy at one wavelength and re-emits it as light at a longer, lower-energy wavelength. |
front 2 GFP (green flourescent protein) | back 2 a bioluminescent protein from the jellyfish Aequorea Victoria that glows green when exposed to UV or blue light. |
front 3 DAPI | back 3 a blue fluorescent stain that binds strongly to A-T rich regions of double-stranded DNA. |
front 4 Immunofluorescence | back 4 A technique for determining the location of an antigen or antibody in tissues by reaction with a labeled or tagged antibody or antigen. |
front 5 Antibody | back 5 a blood protein that binds to a specific antigen to eliminate or counteract against it. |
front 6 Antigen | back 6 a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies. |
front 7 Proton | back 7 a stable subatomic particle with a positive charge located in the nuclei. |
front 8 Monomer | back 8 a basic building block. |
front 9 Polymerization | back 9 monomers join together to form very large, complex polymers. |
front 10 Amino Acid | back 10 the monomer of proteins containing an amino, carbonyl, and R group. |
front 11 Monosaccharide | back 11 the basic building blocks of carbohydrates. |
front 12 Nucleotide | back 12 a building block of DNA and RNA, composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. |
front 13 Condensation | back 13 reactions that create bonds between monomers, releasing H2O. |
front 14 Hydrolysis | back 14 a reaction where a molecule is broken down (split) by adding H2O. |
front 15 Glycosylation | back 15 adding sugar to a molecule. |
front 16 R group | back 16 an unknown alkyl group. |
front 17 Peptide | back 17 two or more amino acids linked in a chain. |
front 18 Polypeptide | back 18 a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain. |
front 19 Alpha-helix | back 19 coiled structure in protein secondary structure. |
front 20 Beta-sheet | back 20 a protein secondary structure where polypeptide chains arranged to appear as multiple bending sheets. |
front 21 Phosphorylation | back 21 adding a phosphoryl group to a substrate. |
front 22 Methylation | back 22 adding a methyl group to a substrate. |
front 23 Phospholipid | back 23 essential fat molecules forming cell membranes, characterized by hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. |
front 24 Lipid bilayer | back 24 the cell membrane that has many functions for the cell. |
front 25 Micelle | back 25 a tiny, ball-like cluster of molecules that form spontaneously in water. |
front 26 Hydrophobic effect | back 26 the tendency of nonpolar substances to clump together in water. |
front 27 Amphipathic | back 27 both polar and nonpolar. |
front 28 Homeoviscous adaptation | back 28 different ways to regulate the fluidity of the cell membranes to compensate for changing temperatures. |
front 29 Desaturase | back 29 an enzyme that converts saturated fats into unsaturated fats. |
front 30 Integral Membrane Protein | back 30 Proteins that are physically embedded in the bilayer since they contain hydrophobic sections. |
front 31 Lipid-Anchored Membrane Protein | back 31 Hydrophilic proteins that reside on the membranes surface but are covalently bonded to lipid molecules embedded in the bilayer. |
front 32 Peripheral Membrane Protein | back 32 Hydrophilic molecules associated with membranes through non-covalent bonds that they form with integral proteins. |
front 33 Single Pass Protein | back 33 Proteins that cross the lipid bilayer once. |
front 34 Multi Pass Proetin | back 34 Proteins that cross the lipid bilayer more than once. |
front 35 FRAP technique | back 35 Imaging technique that bleaches GFP-tagged molecules and watches to see if the bleached patch fills in (fluid) or if it doesn't (not fluid). |
front 36 Channel Protein | back 36 Move certain solutes across the membrane depending on the size and charge. They form hydrophilic pores for certain substances. |
front 37 Transporter Protein | back 37 An integral protein that changes shape to allow certain solutes to bind, changing the protein conformation, and pass. |
front 38 Electrochemical Gradient | back 38 A gradient composed of the concentration gradient (density comparison.) and the membrane potential (charge comparison). |
front 39 Symporter | back 39 A type of channel protein that allows the solutes to move in the same direction across the membrane. Gradient-driven pumps performing active transport. |
front 40 Antiporter | back 40 A type of channel protein that moves solutes in opposite directions across the membrane. Gradient-driven pumps performing active transport. |
front 41 Uniporter | back 41 They are move only one solute across the membrane down its concentration gradient. Not a pump. |
front 42 Epithelial Cell | back 42 Cells lining the gut that have a specialized transport protein to take up glucose from is surrounding environment. |
front 43 FLIP MAG VW | back 43 Phe, Ala, Met, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Val, Trp |
front 44 Pinocytosis | back 44 Cellular drinking of fluids and dissolved solutes into the cell. |
front 45 Phagocytosis | back 45 Cellular eating of large molecules or even whole cells. |
front 46 Endocytosis | back 46 An energy-requiring process that brings molecules across the selectively permeable membranes in bulk through the invagination and pinching off of a localized region of the membrane. |
front 47 SEM | back 47 A form of cellular imaging that provides great depth of field and highlights the shadows due to electro-scattering. Has two laser beams that gives a 3D appearance. Can only view surface. |
front 48 TEM | back 48 A form of cellular imaging that provides great resolution images through the embedding of a sample in resin and creating small slides by slicing the resin. |
front 49 Clathrin | back 49 A molecule that coats the membrane, causing the membrane to bend and vaginate. |
front 50 Dynamin | back 50 A protein that is required to detach the coated vesicles from the plasma membrane by pinching off the "neck." |
front 51 Adaptin | back 51 A molecule that binds to the tale of the LDL receptor and protrudes into the cytosol. |
front 52 Snare Protein (vSNARE/tSNARE) | back 52 The Snare help with docking and disassembling the vesicle. On is attached to the vesicle and the other is attached to the target molecule's membrane. |
front 53 Rab | back 53 A class of protein that helps in directing the vesicle to its target molecule or membrane-bound organelles. |
front 54 Caveolin | back 54 A protein that coats the vesicles originating from the plasma membrane. |
front 55 Ligand | back 55 An ion or molecule that binds to another, usually larger, molecule. |
front 56 LDL | back 56 Low-density Lipoprotein |
front 57 Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) | back 57 An inherited genetic disease, autosomal dominant, that is correlated with the high density of LDL in pockets under the skin, in the blood, and along the walls of arteries. |