front 1 a tempo | back 1 return to the original tempo |
front 2 accent | back 2 a stressed note |
front 3 accelerando | back 3 accelerate; gradually faster |
front 4 adagio | back 4 slowly |
front 5 allegro | back 5 fast or quick, cheerfully, merrily |
front 6 allegretto | back 6 slightly slower than allegro; faster than andante |
front 7 andante | back 7 a moderate walking tempo |
front 8 andantino | back 8 slightly faster than andante, some composers use it to mean slower than andante |
front 9 animato | back 9 animated; with spirit |
front 10 ![]() appoggiatura | back 10 used mainly in music of the Classical Period |
front 11 arpeggio | back 11 a broken chord |
front 12 articulation | back 12 the various ways notes are executed (e.g. staccato, legato) |
front 13 cantabile | back 13 in a singing style |
front 14 con | back 14 with |
front 15 con brio | back 15 with vigor, spirit, or brilliance |
front 16 con moto | back 16 with motion |
front 17 crescendo | back 17 gradually louder |
front 18 D.C. al fine | back 18 go back to the beginning of the piece, and play until the word fine |
front 19 damper pedal | back 19 press the pedal on the right |
front 20 dolce | back 20 sweetly |
front 21 enharmonic | back 21 two different names for the same pitch, such as E flat and D sharp |
front 22 forte | back 22 loud |
front 23 fortissimo | back 23 very loud |
front 24 fortississimo | back 24 very, very loud |
front 25 fermata | back 25 hold the note for more than its value |
front 26 largo | back 26 very slowly |
front 27 legato | back 27 smoothly |
front 28 leggiero | back 28 lightly, delicately |
front 29 lento | back 29 slowly |
front 30 mezzo forte | back 30 medium loud |
front 31 mezzo piano | back 31 medium soft |
front 32 moderato | back 32 a moderate or medium tempo |
front 33 molto | back 33 much |
front 34 mordent | back 34 ![]() |
front 35 octave sign (8va) | back 35 play the note an octave higher |
front 36 ostinato | back 36 a repeated note or figure |
front 37 parallel Major and minor | back 37 Major and minor keys with the same letter names (e.g. A Major and a minor) |
front 38 piano | back 38 soft |
front 39 pianissimo | back 39 very soft |
front 40 pianississimo | back 40 very, very soft |
front 41 phrase | back 41 a musical sentence often lasting around four measures |
front 42 poco | back 42 little |
front 43 presto | back 43 very fast |
front 44 rallentando (rall.) | back 44 gradually slower |
front 45 ritardando (ritard., rit.) | back 45 slow down gradually |
front 46 sforzando (sF, SFz, Fz) | back 46 a sudden, sharp accent |
front 47 slur | back 47 curved line indicating to play legato |
front 48 spiritoso | back 48 spirited; with spirit |
front 49 staccato | back 49 crisp or detached |
front 50 subito | back 50 suddenly |
front 51 tempo | back 51 the speed at which to play music |
front 52 tenuto | back 52 hold the note for its full value, can also mean to stress it |
front 53 tranquillo | back 53 tranquilly, peacefully |
front 54 tre corde (t.c.) | back 54 release the una corda pedal (left pedal) |
front 55 trill | back 55 Baroque / Classical period: performed beginning on the note above the written note Romantic period: performed beginning on the written note |
front 56 turn | back 56 ![]() |
front 57 una corda (u.c.) | back 57 press the left (soft) pedal |
front 58 vivace | back 58 quick, lively |
front 59 vivo | back 59 brisk, lively |
front 60 - etto / - ino | back 60 suffixes meaning little |