front 1 cranial vault or calvaria | back 1 forms the superior, lateral, and posterior walls of the skull |
front 2 cranial floor | back 2 forms skull bottom, has three distinct internal concavities (anterior, middle, posterior cranial fossae) in which the brain sits |
front 3 frontal bone | back 3 anterior portion of the cranium; forms the forehead, superior part of the orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa |
front 4 parietal bone | back 4 posterolateral to the frontal bone, forming sides of cranium |
front 5 supraorbital foramen (notch) | back 5 opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass |
front 6 sagittal suture | back 6 midline articulation point of the two parietal bones |
front 7 coronal suture | back 7 point of articulation of parietals with frontal bone |
front 8 temporal bone | back 8 inferior to parietal bone on lateral skull; four major parts: squamous region, tympanic region, mastoid region, and petrous region |
front 9 squamous suture | back 9 point of articulation of the temporal bone with the parietal bone |
front 10 zygomatic process | back 10 bridgelike projection joining the zygomatic bone anteriorly, together these two bones form the zygomatic arch |
front 11 mandibular fossa | back 11 rounded depression on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process (anterior to the ear); forms socket for the mandibular condyle |
front 12 external acoustic meatus | back 12 canal leading to eardrum and middle |
front 13 styloid process | back 13 needlike projection inferior to external acoustic meatus; attachment point for muscles and ligaments of the neck |
front 14 mastoid process | back 14 rough projection inferior and posterior to external auditory acoustic meatus; attachment site for muscles |
front 15 jugular foramen | back 15 opening medial to the styloid process through which the internal carotid artery passes into the cranial cavity |
front 16 occipital bone | back 16 most posterior bone of the cranium - forms floor and back wall; joins sphenoid bone anteriorly via its narrow basioccipital region |
front 17 lambdoid suture | back 17 site of articulation of occipital bone and parietal bones |
front 18 foramen magnum | back 18 large opening in base of occipital, which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain |
front 19 occipital condyles | back 19 rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (altas) |
front 20 sphenoid bone | back 20 bat-shaped bone forming the anterior plateau of the middle cranial fossa across the width of the skull; keystone of the cranium because it articulates with all other cranial bones |
front 21 sella turcica | back 21 a saddle-shaped region in the sphenoid midline |
front 22 foramen rotundum | back 22 opening lateral to the sella turcica providing passage for a branch of the fifth cranial nerve |
front 23 foramen ovale | back 23 opening posterior to the sella turcica that allows passage of a branch of the fifth cranial nerve |
front 24 ethmoid bone | back 24 irregularly shaped bone anterior to the sphenoid; forms the roof of the nasal cavity, upper nasal septum, and part of the medial orbit walls |
front 25 crista galli | back 25 vertical projection providing a point of attachment for the dura matter, helping to secure the brain within the skull; part of horizontal plate of ethmoid |
front 26 cribriform plates | back 26 bony plates lateral to the crista galli through which olfactory fibers pass to the brain from the nasal mucosa; part of horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone |
front 27 mandible | back 27 the lower jawbone, which articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely moveable joints of the skull |
front 28 mandibular condyle | back 28 articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone |
front 29 mental foramen | back 29 prominent opening on the body (lateral to the midline) that transmits the mental blood vessels and nerve to the lower jaw |
front 30 maxillae | back 30 two bones fused in a median suture; form the upper jawbone and part of the orbits; all facial bones except mandible articulate |
front 31 palatine process | back 31 form the anterior hard palate; meet medially in the intermaxillary suture |
front 32 infraorbital foramen | back 32 opening under the orbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels to the nasal region |
front 33 lacrimal bone | back 33 fingernail sized bones forming a part of the medial orbit walls between the maxilla and the ethmoid; each bone has lacrimal fossa = tear passageway |
front 34 palatine bone | back 34 paired bones posterior to the palatine processes; form posterior hard palate and part of the orbit; meet medially at the median palatine suture |
front 35 zygomatic bone | back 35 lateral to the maxilla; forms the cheekbone and part of lateral orbit; has three processes |
front 36 nasal bone | back 36 small rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose |
front 37 vomer | back 37 blade-shaped bone in median plane of nasal cavity that forms the posterior and inferior nasal septum |
front 38 inferior nasal conchae | back 38 thin curved bones protruding medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity |
front 39 fontanelle | back 39 infant skull bones that are incomplete and connected by unossified remnants of fibrous membranes that allow the infant's head to be compressed slightly during birth and accomodate brain growth in the fetus and infant (anterior, occipital, mastoid, sphenoidal) |
front 40 anterior fontanelle | back 40 large and diamond-shaped, palpable for 1.5-2 years after birth |
front 41 cervical vertebrae | back 41 7 bones, C1-C7
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front 42 thoracic vertebrae | back 42 12 bones T1-T12
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front 43 lumbar vertebrae | back 43 5 bones L1-L5
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front 44 saccrum | back 44 composite bone formed from the fusion of five vertebra |