front 1 in terms of timeline, what are the important differences between primary and secondary immune responses? | back 1 primary is immediate and secondary is learned and later primary response doesn't change but adaptive does |
front 2 primary immune response to a pathogen | back 2 a small number of pathogen-specific cells delay before specific antibodies are made starts with IgM of low to medium affinity high threshold of activation delay before effector T cells are activated and enter infected tissues innate immunity works alone until an adaptive response is activated and ongoing |
front 3 secondary immune response to a pathogen | back 3 a large number of pathogen-specific cells specific antibodies are already present antibodies are isotype-switched and of high affinity low threshold of activation effector T cells are present and activated in the infected tissue |
front 4 what are the important cells of immunological memory? | back 4 long-lived plasma cells memory B cells memory T cells |
front 5 what are the important distinctions between long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells? | back 5 LLPCs live a longe time and do NOT express BCR and do NOT divide |
front 6 what role does FcyR2B(1) have in the regulation of B cells and B cell memroy? | back 6 naive B cells express FcyRB(1) IgG --> FcyR2B(1) engagement shuts down naive B cells |
front 7 what is the hemolytic disease of newborn? | back 7 also called eryhtoblastosis fetalis RhD- mother gives gives birth to RhD+ child aRhD antibodies from mother react against RBCs of newborn first pregnancy is mainly IgM which does not cross the placenta subsequent pregnancies invoke a secondary immune response which does not cross the placenta |
front 8 what is rhogam? how does it prevent erythroblastosis fetalis? | back 8 a medication given to an Rh-negative pregnant person with an Rh-positive fetus to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis. It works by providing external Rh-positive antibodies to the mother's blood, which prevents her immune system from detecting the fetal Rh-positive blood cells as foreign and creating its own antibodies. This stops the mother's immune system from attacking the fetus's red blood cells in a future pregnancy |
front 9 what is CD45RA? | back 9 CD45 is tyrosine phosphatase necessary for T cell activation CD45RA is a 'bigger' molecule and doesn't interact easily with the TCR |
front 10 what is CD45RO? | back 10 via alternative splicing, CD45RO has 381 fewer amino acids because of its smaller size, it can more easily interact with the TCR and therefore the T cell activation threshold |
front 11 what are the three types of memory T cells? | back 11 central, effector, and resident |
front 12 central memory | back 12 circulate between blood, lymph, and secondary lymphoid tissue |
front 13 effector memory | back 13 circulate between blood, lymph, and non-lymphoid tissues |
front 14 resident memory | back 14 based in non-lymphoid tissues; for rapid response |
front 15 activation of T cells leads to: | back 15 metabolic reprogramming; mediated by mTORC1 cell division while T cell still attached to APC |
front 16 what is antigenic original sin? | back 16 having a secondary response blocks the primary response of the other strains and leads to lack of secondary response development for those strains |
front 17 what is the importance of cross-reactivity and cross-protection? | back 17 cowpox and smallpox viruses share some surface antigens immunization with cowpox induces antibodies against cowpox surface antigens antibodies made against cowpox bind and neutralize the smallpox virus |