Observes Antecedent–Behavior–Consequence sequences.

ABC analysis

While observing an employee at a factory, Crystal notes that the employee waits for a signal from her supervisor prior to operating a piece of equipment and receives immediate positive feedback following her performance. Given this scenario, which tool is being used to assess performance?

Group of answer choices

Indirect assessment

PIC/NIC analysis

Performance Diagnostic Checklist

ABC analysis

Uses interviews, surveys, or questionnaires without direct observation.

Indirect assessment

Evaluates Positive/Negative, Immediate/Future, Certain/Uncertain/ Negative/etc. consequences… etc

PIC/NIC analysis

During an interview with the store manager, Armando asks if employees contact specific consequences immediately following their performance or whether those consequences are delayed. Given this scenario, which tool is being used to assess performance?

Group of answer choices

Experimental analysis

PIC/NIC analysis.

Performance Diagnostic Checklist

ABC analysis

PIC/NIC analysis. - (PIC/NIC examines Positive/Immediate/Certain vs Negative/etc.)

Identifies causes of low performance (task clarity, skills, resources, consequences).

Performance Diagnostic Checklist (PDC-HS)

Mila is consulting at a business where employees frequently complete tasks incorrectly. She interviews the employees to assess if they receive enough training, instruction, feedback, and proper equipment. Given this scenario, which tool is being used to assess performance?

Group of answer choices

PIC/NIC analysis

Performance Diagnostic Checklist

Experimental analysis

ABC analysis

Performance Diagnostic Checklist

Manipulates variables to determine cause-effect relationships.

Experimental analysis

Physical, cognitive, or skill limitations.

Lack of ability

Low interest or insufficient reinforcement.

Lack of motivation

Missing tools, materials, or environmental support.

Lack of resources

Anna is supposed to conduct multiple trials of skills targeted for increase during her sessions with her client. However, she rarely meets the required number of trials because she spends a lot of time cleaning and disinfecting the therapy room that was left in a dirty state by the previous therapist. This is an example of a performance problem due to which of the following?

Group of answer choices

Lack of ability

Lack of resources

Skill deficit

Lack of motivation

Lack of resources - (Performance blocked by environmental conditions.)

Lack of knowledge or ability to perform a task.

Skill deficit

Teaching or practicing skills.

Training

In order to increase effective handwashing in a hospital setting, a task analysis of steps for handwashing was provided above all of the bathroom sinks. This is an example of which intervention for improving performance?

Group of answer choices

Reducing task unpleasantness

Task clarification

Praise

Training

Training

Behavior Skills Training (BST)

instruction, modeling, rehearsal, feedback.

Clear instructions on what, how, and when to perform tasks.

Task clarification

Tools or prompts to support correct task performance.

Job aid / Job aids

Reducing task aversiveness / unpleasantness

Making tasks easier or less unpleasant.

Information after performance to guide improvement.

Feedback

Social or verbal reinforcement for correct performance.

Praise

Incentives

Rewards to increase likelihood of desired behavior.

Evaluates clarity of expectations and prompts.

Task Clarification & Prompting

Evaluates availability of tools or procedures.

Resources, Materials and Processes

Evaluates whether consequences, workload, or competing demands affect performance.

Performance Consequences, Effort & Competition

Add positive, immediate, and certain consequences to reinforce correct behavior.

PIC/NIC next steps

Establishing specific, measurable objectives to improve performance.

Goal setting

Stages of performance improvement process

1. Intervention selection

2. Intervention implementation

3. Monitoring/evaluation

4. Plan revision.

Intervention selection

Choose the strategy to address the problem. (Choosing what to do next based on assessment.)

Intervention implementation

Put the chosen strategy into action.

Monitoring/evaluation

Track progress to see if the intervention works.

Plan revision

Adjust the intervention based on results.

Phoenix has been promoted and is now a supervisor. Phoenix’s manager tells him that he has his work cut out for him, as the team he will be supervising is “lazy” and rarely finishes their assigned tasks. Phoenix conducts an assessment, and the results indicate that the employees on the team are unsure how to complete many of their assigned tasks, which leads to incomplete tasks. Now, Phoenix uses this information to develop a plan to improve the team’s performance. This is an example of which stage of the performance improvement process?

Group of answer choices

Intervention selection

Intervention implementation

Monitoring/evaluation

Plan revision

Intervention selection – (Choosing what to do next based on assessment.)

Using the assessment results (employees are unsure how to complete tasks) to develop a plan (e.g., provide training or task clarification) is the stage of intervention selection.

Problem identification

Define the specific behavior or issue to target.

Assessment

Gather info to understand the problem.

After client complaints about the cleanliness of the agency’s treatment rooms, the PDC-HS assessment showed deficits in the area of task clarification and prompting. Given the results of this assessment, which of the following would be the most appropriate intervention to use?

Group of answer choices

A 3-hour training session using behavior skills training (BST) for cleaning and sanitation

Weekly gift certificates contingent on meeting cleaning and sanitation criteria

A posted checklist listing the clean-up and sanitation requirements prior to each client session

Specific praise from the RBT supervisor provided immediately after clean-up and sanitation criteria are met prior to each session

A posted checklist listing the clean-up and sanitation requirements prior to each client session - directly addressing the identified deficits in task clarification and prompting.

Steps when using a PIC/NIC analysis? Any Order?

PIC/NIC Analysis

Step 1: Describe the problem

Step 2: Describe the desired behavior

Step 3: Determine the severity

Step 4: ABC analysis for problem performance

Step 5: ABC for correct performance

Step 6: The diagnosis

Step 7: The solution

While conducting a PIC/NIC analysis, the supervising BCBA Tasha determined that the RBT Dante had turned in 7 out of 10 assessments after the due date. Given this scenario, what is the next step Tasha should take when using a PIC/NIC analysis?

Group of answer choices

Summarize the antecedents and consequences which are presently occurring

Complete an ABC analysis for turning in the assessments after the due date

Add “positive, immediate, and certain” consequences and antecedents when Dante turns in on-time assessments

Describe what Dante should be doing

Why?

In the PIC/NIC steps:

• Step 1: Describe the problem → She already did this (Dante turned in 7/10 late).
• Step 2: Describe the desired behavior → What Dante should be doing (turning in assessments on time).

So the next step is to state the desired, correct performance before analyzing consequence

One of BCBA Jonah’s trainees has failed two competency checks for running a preference assessment, a skill which the trainee had previously performed with a high level of accuracy. Jonah recognizes that the difficulty for the trainee is managing the data collection while running the assessment. Given this scenario, what is the next step Jonah should take when using a PIC/NIC analysis?

Group of answer choices

Describe what the staff should be doing

Complete an ABC analysis for the problem performance

Summarize the antecedents and consequences that are presently occurring

Determine the severity of the problem

Summarize the antecedents and consequences that are presently occurring

Stella is a BCBA working with an RBT who has been incorrectly implementing teaching procedures with clients. She interviews the RBT using the PDC-HS to gather more information on the performance problem. This is an example of which stage of the performance improvement process?

Group of answer choices

Problem identification

Intervention selection

Monitoring/evaluating

Assessment

Assessment

Performance Assessment: Steps

Performance Assessment: Steps

• Pre-assessment

– Define parameters and which assessment will be used

• Assessment

• – Gather information
• – Document findings

• Intervention Planning

– Assessment results use to identify intervention

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CLASS MATERIAL