front 1 penis | back 1 3 cylindrical columns of erectile tissue |
front 2 2 corpora cavemosa | back 2 make up the dorsal side of the penis |
front 3 1 corpus spongiosum | back 3 make up the ventral side of the penis; expands into a cone of erectile tissue glans |
front 4 glans | back 4 joins shaft at corona |
front 5 urethra | back 5 goes through the corpus spongiosum and forms meatus |
front 6 meatus | back 6 slit at the glans tip |
front 7 foreskin/prepuce | back 7 hood or flap of skin over glans |
front 8 scrotum | back 8 loose sac continuation of abdominal wall |
front 9 cremaster muscle | back 9 controls the size of the scrotum in response to temperature to keep 37 degrees or lower |
front 10 testis | back 10 produce sperm; solid oval shape 4-5cm long 3cm wide; suspend vertically by the spermatic cord; covered by double layer membrane separating from the scrotal wall; layers lubricated to allow testis to slide and prevent injury |
front 11 left testis | back 11 the lower of the two testes |
front 12 epididymis | back 12 coiled duct system that provides for storage maturation and transit of sperm ; sits atop the testis; comma shaped, curved over the top and posterior surface of the testis |
front 13 vas deferens | back 13 a duct which with other vessels forms the spermatic cord |
front 14 spermatic cord | back 14 ascends posterior border of testis; runs through tunnels of inguinal canal into abdomen; unites with seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct at level with prostate |
front 15 erection | back 15 arterial dilation with concurrent venous constriction of emissary veins; sympathetic inhibition and parasympathetic activation; release of pro-erectogenic neurotransmitters |
front 16 acetylcholine | back 16 parasympathetic neurotransmitter during erection |
front 17 norepinephrine | back 17 sympathetic neurotransmitter during erection |
front 18 smooth muscle relaxation | back 18 reduced intracellular calcium increased cGMP and increased cAMP |
front 19 corpora cavernosa | back 19 fills with 20-40x blood flow during erection and pressure averages 100mmHg |
front 20 corpora spongiosum | back 20 fills during erection with less blood and 1/3 the pressure of the other |
front 21 ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiusus | back 21 muscles that increase pressure in all three chambers; the muscles force more blood into chamber increasing pressure to several hundred mmHg |
front 22 bladder neck muscles | back 22 contract to prevent retrograde seminal flow and urinary output |
front 23 7.2-8 | back 23 semen pH |
front 24 4.6-8 | back 24 urine pH |
front 25 detumescence | back 25 occurs during and after ejaculation; transient increased pressure of smooth muscle contraction against occluded venous system; emissary veins expand and allow sinusoids to drain with a fast drop in pressure; norepinephrine released as sympathetic impulse takes over; calcium channels close, smooth muscle relaxes |
front 26 emissary veins | back 26 expand during and after ejaculation and allow sinusoids to drain with a fast drop in pressure |
front 27 norepinephrine | back 27 released as sympathetic impulse takes over |
front 28 PDE5 | back 28 inhibits erection by degrading cGMP |
front 29 PDE5 inhibitors | back 29 result in smooth muscle relaxation increasing cGMP and decreased intracellular calcium |
front 30 complaints of frequency, burning, urgency, and pain; discharge or change in stream, hesitancy, straining, hematuria, color, odor, loss of urine when laughing or sneezing, h/o infections, lesions, lump or swelling, safety (sex issues and preference), difficulty having or maintaining erections | back 30 male genitalia health history cues |
front 31 14-35 | back 31 age of concern for chlamydia |
front 32 12-25 | back 32 age of concern for testicular torsion |
front 33 15-35 | back 33 age of concern for varicocele |
front 34 16-35 | back 34 age of concern for testicular cancer |
front 35 <35 | back 35 age of concern for NG urethritis |
front 36 >30 | back 36 age of concern for hydrocele |
front 37 50+ | back 37 age of concern for testicular lymphoma |
front 38 50+ | back 38 age of concern for erectile dysfunction |
front 39 >65 | back 39 age of concern for bacteriuria |
front 40 STI, UTI, Tanners stage, cancer, trauma, BPH, congenital deformity (hypospadias), impotence | back 40 past medical history concerns males |
front 41 varicocele, testicular cancer, hypospadias, mother's use of DES | back 41 family history concerns males |
front 42 ETOH, tobacco, drugs, sexual practice, sleep, diet, exercise, self exam | back 42 social history concerns males |
front 43 antibiotics, hormone replacement, HTN, psychotropic | back 43 medication concerns males |
front 44 phimosis | back 44 inability to retract foreskin |
front 45 paraphimosis | back 45 unable to return foreskin to original position |
front 46 hypospadias | back 46 ventral location of meatus |
front 47 epispadias | back 47 dorsal location of meatus |
front 48 chrodee | back 48 congenital condition; downward deflection occurring on its own or with hypospadias; noticeable most from the side; a contraindication to circumcision in newborn-instead can be done at surgical correction |
front 49 Peyronie's disease | back 49 fibrous scar tissue on penis causes curvature and pain with erection in adult |
front 50 condyloma acuminata | back 50 genital warts caused by HPV |
front 51 condyloma lata | back 51 flat warts second stage of syphilis |
front 52 epididymitis | back 52 what to consider when nodule, tenderness, swelling on inspection/palpation |
front 53 variocele | back 53 dilated veins in spermatic cord; bag of worms texture; with patient standing what to consider when thickened cord, soft swollen tortuous on inspection/palpation |
front 54 hernia | back 54 bulge extending into scrotum |
front 55 tumor | back 55 firm non tender mass that does not transilluminate |
front 56 orchitis | back 56 painful swollen testes |
front 57 hydrocele | back 57 serous fluid around testes, transilluminated with red glow |
front 58 spermatocele | back 58 cystic mass in epididymis, transilluminates separate from testis |
front 59 cryptorchidism | back 59 undescended testis (risk of cancer and infertility) |
front 60 testicular torsion | back 60 excruciating one sided testicular pain, sudden swelling, testicle elevation, nausea and vomiting, sometimes abdominal pain, fever, and previous history of testicular pain; mostly in 12-18 year olds, many under 30, can be any age including newborns; urologic emergency that must be treated within 4-6 hours to spare the testicle |
front 61 blue dot sign | back 61 seen with torsion of the appendix testis; mullein duct remnant superior aspect of the testicle; often treated with analgesics, cooling, and decreased activity |
front 62 hydrocele | back 62 common in newborns, but usually goes away within the first year; testicle drops into scrotum, a sac from abdominal cavity travels along with testicle; fluid flows to the scrotum to surround the testicle, sac usually closes and fluid is absorbed |
front 63 noncommunicating hydrocele | back 63 when sac closes and fluid remains the scrotal sac can be compressed fluid will not flow back into the abdomen; often found in newborns and fluid will usually be absorbed with time |
front 64 communicating hydrocele | back 64 scrotal sac is compressed and fluid slowly goes back up into the abdomen or hydrocele changes size; usually appears after activity indicating the sac or processes vaginalis is still open and requires intervention |
front 65 hernia | back 65 inspect inguinal region for bulge with standing, palpate canal on each side; start finger low on scrotal half, palpate up length of cord to external ring triangular slit like opening; if finger fits advance gently and have patient bear down or cough; normally no bulge or change, palpating mass bumps finger |
front 66 no tenderness, lesions, inflammation, or discharge from circumcised penis, testes descended bilaterally, no pain, masses, transillumination, no inguinal hernia bilaterally | back 66 male genitalia documentation |
front 67 prostate | back 67 3.5 x 3 cm gland below bladder encircling urethra; consists of 5 lobes; surrounds urethra at bladder neck; produces most ejaculatory fluid; secretions are thin, milky, and alkaline- the transport medium protecting sperm and preventing UTI; contains fibrolysin which liquefies semen and aids sperm motility; common site of age related issues |
front 68 presents related to efficiency of urination, dull low perineal pain, rectal bleeding, change in stool, FH of cancer | back 68 health history cues for rectal, anal, prostate |
front 69 50 yo, AA, FH prostate cancer, diet high in animal fat, high levels of serum testosterone | back 69 risk factors of rectum anal and prostate |
front 70 50 | back 70 age to begin prostate screening |
front 71 45 | back 71 age to begin screening if high risk: African American, 1 st degree relative diagnosed <65 |
front 72 40 | back 72 age to begin screening if multiple first degree relatives affected at early ages |
front 73 2 years | back 73 test frequency if PSA <2.5 |
front 74 annually | back 74 test frequency if PSA >2.5 |
front 75 0.2% | back 75 percentage of men and women that will be diagnosed with anal cancer at some point in their lifetime |
front 76 71.3% | back 76 overall five year survival rate of anal cancer |
front 77 BPH | back 77 rubbery or boggy on palpation |
front 78 cancer | back 78 stony hard on palpation |
front 79 prostatic abscess | back 79 fluctuant softness |
front 80 2.5 x 4 cm, heart shape with palpable groove, smooth surface, elastic rubbery consistency, slightly movable, nontender to palpation | back 80 prostate exam normal findings |
front 81 Grade 1 | back 81 prostate protrusion 1-2cm |
front 82 Grade 2 | back 82 prostate protrusion 2-3cm |
front 83 Grade 3 | back 83 prostate protrusion 3-4cm |
front 84 Grade 4 | back 84 prostate protrusion >4cm |