front 1 What is impeachment? | back 1 Bringing charges against a government official. |
front 2 Which Article of the Constitution created the Judicial Branch? | back 2 Article III |
front 3 What is the two-step process for becoming a Supreme Court justice or Federal judge? | back 3 President nominates candidate and the Senate approves. |
front 4 What title to the justices (other than the chief justice) hold? | back 4 associate justices |
front 5 How many justices are on the Supreme Court? | back 5 9 |
front 6 How was the Supreme Court created? Who creates the lower Federal courts? | back 6 Article III of the Constitution Congress |
front 7 Why is the Supreme Court the highest court in the US. (2 reasons) | back 7 1. Final authority on ALL cases 2. Has final word on constitutional issues |
front 8 What are the two levels of court systems in the US? | back 8 Federal and state courts |
front 9 What are the two types of jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? | back 9 Appellate and original |
front 10 What was the major weakness of the Articles of Confederation (from a judiciary standpoint). | back 10 Absence of a national court system |
front 11 Where would one hear a court - martial? | back 11 Military court setting |
front 12 Name three times in US history that military tribunals were used. | back 12 Mexican-American War Civil War World war II |
front 13 Who files impeachment charges against government officials? | back 13 House of Representatives |
front 14 What is the role and purpose of a grand jury? Who must be present in front of a grand jury? | back 14 Decides if there's enough evidence for a case to even go to trial. The prosecution |
front 15 Where do most cases in US Tax Court originate? | back 15 Disputes with the IRS. |
front 16 What is the rule of four? | back 16 The Supreme court itself decides what case it will take. |
front 17 How many Federal District Courts are in the US? How many Court of Appeals? | back 17 94 13 |
front 18 How many cases a year do the Court of Appeals hear? | back 18 40,000 |
front 19 What is the role of a magistrate? | back 19 Appointed by federal judges to issue arrest warrants, set bail in federal criminal cases, and even conduct trials for minor offenses. |
front 20 How long to justices serve on the Supreme Court? | back 20 For life or until retirement |
front 21 What two types of cases does the Supreme Court have original jurisdiction? | back 21 1. Conflicts between states 2. Constitutional issues |
front 22 When do the Court of Appeals have original jurisdiction? | back 22 never |
front 23 How many judges hear a case in Federal District Court? How many in the Court of Appeals? | back 23 1 3 |
front 24 Majority opinion | back 24 What the court decided and how they came to that conclusion. |
front 25 Concurring opinion | back 25 May stress or emphasize a point that was not made in the majority opinion. |
front 26 Dissenting opinion | back 26 Explains why one or more justices disagree with the courts majority opinion. |
front 27 What is judicial review? What court case established judicial review? | back 27 Power of the court to determine if government actions are constitutional Marbury V. Madison |
front 28 Who was the famous chief justice in Marbury v. Madison | back 28 John Marshall |
front 29 How many cases are appealed in a year to the Supreme Court? How many get heard? | back 29 5,000 150 |
front 30 Who decides which cases the Supreme Court will hear? | back 30 Supreme Court justices |
front 31 Describe how a case unfolds in front of the Supreme court. | back 31 - Each side gets 30 min to present argument - Justices have already reviewed the case - Takes 6-12 months to make it public |
front 32 Why are justices appointed to the Supreme Court for life? | back 32 Judicial independence |
front 33 What type of jurisdiction do Federal District courts have? | back 33 Original jurisdiction |
front 34 Know examples of criminal and civil cases on the federal level. | back 34 CRIMINAL: Bank robbery, mail fraud, tax evasion, counterfeiting, kidnapping CIVIL: Bankruptcy, labor relations, civil rights, public lands |
front 35 John Marshall | back 35 - served 34 years on supreme court - chief justice for Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland |
front 36 John Jay | back 36 First ever chief justice of the United States |
front 37 Thurgood Marshall | back 37 - first African-American court justice - lead council in the Brown V. Board of Education |
front 38 Sandra Day O'Connor | back 38 first female supreme court justice |
front 39 Clarence Thomas | back 39 - 2nd ever African-American - went through lengthy Senate confirmation hearing - Accused of sexual harassment |
front 40 John Roberts | back 40 current chief of justice |
front 41 Sonia Sotomayor | back 41 - 2009 - Most recent additions to supreme court - Nominated by presidents Obama and Trump |
front 42 Elena Kagan | back 42 - 2010 - Most recent additions to supreme court - Nominated by presidents Obama and Trump |
front 43 Brett Kavanaugh | back 43 - 2018 - Most recent additions to supreme court - Nominated by presidents Obama and Trump |
front 44 Amy Coney Barrett | back 44 - 2020 - Most recent additions to supreme court - Nominated by presidents Obama and Trump |
front 45 Robert Bork | back 45 - nomination was rejected by the Senate - Too conservative and was allegedly involved in Watergate |