Which of the following statements about the Chinese tribute system is true?
A) The tribute system operated at the end of wars of conquest and was designed to humiliate the conquered people.
B) China's neighbors in the premodern period often refused to submit to the rituals of the tribute system because they resented
China's assumption of superiority.
C) The tribute system was an exploitative one-way street, with foreign states paying tribute to China but the Chinese government
offering nothing in return.
D) The Chinese government often gave other states gifts that were in fact worth more than the tribute that those states paid to
China.

D

China's most enduring and intense interaction with outsiders was with
A) the gathering and hunting societies of Southeast Asia. C) the various empires that ruled India.
B) the nomadic pastoral peoples of the northern steppes. D) Muslim traders in the Indian Ocean.

B

Which of the following describes Korea's relationship with China?
A) Korea was incorporated into the Chinese empire for over a thousand years.
B) Korean male elites developed their own alphabet as a way to resist Chinese cultural influence.
C) Korea's capital city of Kumsong was modeled directly on the Chinese capital of Chang'an.
D) Korea was able to avoid participating in China's tribute system.

C

Which of the following contributed to China's economic prosperity during the Tang and Song dynasties?
A) The suppression of internal trade in order to increase long-distance trade
B) The import of large numbers of slaves to work in agriculture and industry
C) The large-scale immigration of indentured servants from Pacific Oceania
D) A complex network of internal waterways that provided cheap transportation

D

What do the Xiongnu, the Uighurs, the Khitan, and the Jurchen have in common?
A) All four paid tribute to China in return for military protection.
B) All four were ultimately conquered by China.
C) All four established states in the southern portions of the Chinese empire.
D) All four required China to send them valuable goods in return for not attacking China.

D

Chinese interaction with the northern nomads during the Tang dynasty resulted in the
A) conversion of large numbers of the northern nomads to Daoism.
B) evolution of a mixed Chinese/Turkic culture in northern China.
C) launching of maritime expeditions in the Indian Ocean.
D) replacement of the tribute system with a system of free trade.

B

In their relations with China, the countries of Korea and Japan both
A) acknowledged the Chinese emperor as their ruler.
B) rejected every aspect of Chinese civilization.
C) declined to participate in the Chinese tribute system.
D) sent people to China to study Chinese thought and culture.

D

Which of the following statements describes Korea's relationship with China in the premodern period?
A) Korean elites rejected Chinese culture, but peasants adopted it wholesale.
B) Korea adopted elements of Chinese culture while still retaining a distinctive culture and separate political existence.
C) Korea was a subject state ruled directly by China for most of its history.
D) Korean rulers never participated in the Chinese tribute system in an effort to assert their independence from China.

B

Which of the following was a technological innovation that spread from China to the rest of Eurasia?
A) The processing of sugar B) Printing C) Cannons D) The processing of cotton

B

Which of the following was a factor in the growth of Buddhism in China after 300 C.E.?
A) Disorder increased following the collapse of the Han dynasty, which discredited Confucianism.
B) The celibacy of Buddhist monks and their withdrawal from society correlated well with Confucian values.
C) Buddhist monks from Korea undertook sustained missionary endeavors.
D) Rival Shinto priests withdrew to Japan following persecution by the Tang dynasty.

A

In Song dynasty China, masculine identity came to be defined in terms of
A) archery, horseback riding, and athleticism. C) calligraphy, scholarship, painting, and poetry.
B) military valor and business acumen. D) weakness, reticence, sacrifice, and delicacy.

C

Which of the following was a political contribution of the Tang and Song dynasties?
A) The creation of an aristocracy that transformed the government from a monarchy to an oligarchy
B) The introduction of administrative procedures that made the bureaucracy obsolete
C) The democratization of the political system with the establishment of the Censorate
D) The construction of a state structure that lasted until the twentieth century

D

Chinese references to Western barbarians in the Tang dynasty included which group of people?
A) Koreans B) Indians C) Portuguese D) Vietnamese

B

How was the tribute system an expression of the Chinese view of themselves and their relationship to the world?

A) The tribute system required non-Chinese to acknowledge Chinese superiority and their own subordinate place in a Chinese-
centered world order.

B) The tribute system was based on the assumptions that unity was a natural condition and that China was destined to rule the
entire world.

C) The tribute system maintained the racial purity of the Chinese people by prohibiting intermarriage between Chinese and non-
Chinese peoples.

D) The tribute system celebrated the multicultural diversity of the Chinese people and encouraged cultural borrowing.

A

The emergence of which practice during the Song dynasty suggests that Chinese women's lives were more restricted than they had
been in the Tang dynasty?
A) Remarriage of widows B) Tribute system C) Foot binding D) Bushido

C

What did Korea, Japan, and Vietnam develop that reflected their unique culture?
A) Their own court rituals B) Their own writing systems C) Their own tribute systems D) Their own law codes

B

In what respect was Japan's borrowing of Chinese culture different from the experiences of Korea and Vietnam?
A) Japanese people viewed their own country less as a separate nation than as an extension of a universal civilization centered in
China.
B) In Japan, only the lower classes and women embraced Chinese culture, while elite men resisted Chinese influence in all
arenas.
C) Japan adopted many elements of Chinese culture but completely rejected the fundamental principles of Confucianism.
D) Japan's borrowing was wholly voluntary rather than occurring under conditions of direct military threat or outright
occupation.

D

Which of the following is an example of how Chinese inventions stimulated innovations in distant lands?
A) The Chinese formula for gunpowder triggered the development of cannons in Europe.
B) The Chinese invention of movable type was the inspiration for the creation of the world's first copy machine in the Islamic
world.
C) The Chinese technique for producing salt by solar evaporation made possible the invention of windmills in Persia.
D) The Chinese invention of the magnetic compass spurred the Scientific Revolution in Europe.

A

The invention of printing in China was linked with which religion?
A) Christianity B) Daoism C) Buddhism D) Islam

C

Which of the following shows the effect of the Indian Ocean trade on China?
A) The transfer of Vietnam from Chinese control to the Southeast Asian sphere of influence
B) The transformation of southern China from a subsistence economy to an export-oriented economy
C) The replacement of the tribute system with a trade system based on free and equal access to markets
D) The emergence of Hong Kong as an international hub for all ocean-based trade routes

B

The emergence of the samurai reflected Japan's
A) imperial ambitions to conquer China. C) ancient emperor system.
B) embrace of Confucianism. D) decentralized political structure.

D

Which religion provided an element of cultural commonality for the East Asian region?
A) Buddhism B) Daoism C) Islam D) Christianity

A

Which of the following is an example of how Indian Buddhism was modified after its introduction into China?
A) The patriarchal assumptions of Indian Buddhism were replaced by a message of equality between husbands and wives.
B) The veneration of relics in Indian Buddhism was replaced by the worship of ancestral spirits and ghosts.
C) The Buddhist notion of morality was translated with the Confucian term for filial submission and obedience.
D) The social orientation of Indian Buddhism was replaced with an emphasis on individual salvation and enlightenment.

C

How did the changed environment in China in the ninth century affect Buddhism?
A) State support of Buddhism made Buddhism the official religion of China.
B) Buddhist monasteries came under state control as a xenophobic reaction set in.
C) People flocked to Buddhism as a way to deal with the social chaos.
D) Buddhism was wiped out as a result of state-sponsored policies of persecution.

B