front 1 Frederick Griffith’s transformation experiment showed that | back 1 A chemical component of cells could introduce a new trait to a cell |
front 2 In Avery, MacLeod and McCarty's experiment, what enzyme was present in the mixture of R & S Strain that when injected into the mice did not result in death? | back 2 DNase |
front 3 If Hershey and Chase phage experiment, what finding led to the conclusion that DNA is the genetic material? | back 3 The presence of radioactivity in the bacteria when 32 P was used |
front 4 What would be the outcome of Hershey-Chase experiment if protein (and not DNA) was the carrier of genetic information? | back 4 The infected bacteria would be positive for 35 S radioactive labeling, and not 32 P |
front 5 This molecule is most likely found on ___. It has a(n) ___ ring | back 5 RNA; purine |
front 6 Which of the following is not included in the Watson-Crick model of D N A structure? | back 6 The strands run parallel |
front 7 Which of the following is not consistent with Erwin Chargaff’s findings? | back 7 (C + G) = (A + T) |
front 8 The virus phi X 174 infects Escherichia coli. Its base composition is
as follows: | back 8 It has a single-stranded D N A genome. |
front 9 If you heated a sample of D N A from 30°Ceto 100°C while you measured the A 260 , which of the following graphs would you expect to see? | back 9 (A) |
front 10 In the Meselson–Stahl experiment, if DNA had been replicated conservatively, after two rounds of replication, there would be _____ | back 10 one old, heavy band and one new, light band |
front 11 All known bacterial D N A polymerases _____. | back 11 have 5′ to 3′ polymerization activity |
front 12 What activity provides D N A pol III the ability to proofread? | back 12 D N A pol III has 3′→5′ exonuclease activity |
front 13 What protein is functioning at the point marked with the large arrow? | back 13 D N A polymerase III |
front 14 What enzyme will replace the R N A primers found in the newly synthesized strand | back 14 D N A pol I |
front 15 Okasaki fragments are a consequence of | back 15 the inability of the DNA polymerase to polymerize in the 3′ to 5′ direction |
front 16 Is there any role for an R N A polymerase in D N A replication? | back 16 Yes, to generate primers. |
front 17 What does the term “processive” mean in the context of D N A replication? | back 17 that length of D N A that is replicated by the core enzyme before it detaches from the template |
front 18 Telomerase _____. | back 18 a. contains its own R N A template |
front 19 How do bacteria package their D N A | back 19 by supercoiling the D N A |
front 20 If there were six bases in D N A and still only 20 amino acids, how long would a codon need to be in order to specify an amino acid? | back 20 Two bases |
front 21 The wobble hypothesis predicts that codons coding for the same amino acid _____ | back 21 may differ at the third position |
front 22 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024 | back 22 Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun |
front 23 In humans, the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene is 90,000 (90 k b) bases long, yet the mRNA is only 2,400 (2.4 k b). What explains this difference? | back 23 Presence of introns in DNA |
front 24 The sigma subunit of bacterial R N A polymerase _____. | back 24 binds to a bacterial gene’s promoter |
front 25 An aminoacyl tRNA synthase Valine is mutated so that it now attaches the amino acid glycine to the tRNA Valine instead of valine. What will happen at translation? | back 25 There will be glycines at all glycine positions and at all valine positions |
front 26 During the elongation phase of translation, charged tRNAs enter the ribosome at the ______. | back 26 A site |
front 27 Which of the following will most likely result in frameshift mutations | back 27 Acridine orange dye |
front 28 Which of the following will more likely result in double stranded breaks? Select all that apply | back 28 Ionizing radiation, transposable elements, and oxidizing damage |
front 29 Which of the following will likely result in thymine dimer? | back 29 UV |
front 30 Constitutive genes ____ | back 30 are expressed continuously |
front 31 The lac operon is optimally expressed _____ | back 31 in the presence of lactose and the absence of glucose |
front 32 Which of the following is a trans-acting element? | back 32 a. Lac O |
front 33 Attenuation in the E. coli t r p operon _____. | back 33 results from the formation of secondary structures in the t r p m R N A |
front 34 Eukaryotic regulation of gene expression occurs at the level of _____ | back 34 a. transcription |
front 35 What is an interchromatin compartment? | back 35 D N A-free area of the nucleus located between chromosomes |
front 36 Where might you most likely find the histone variant H2A.Z? | back 36 In promoters and enhancers of expressed genes |
front 37 A protein causes the acetylation of histones. What effect do you think this will have on a gene in that region? | back 37 It will cause an increase in expression |
front 38 What is the role of D N A methylation in eukaryotes? | back 38 To aid in silencing transcription |
front 39 What is the difference between the Initiator element (I n r) and the TATA box? | back 39 R N A P binds to the TATA sequence and then initiates transcription downstream at I n r |
front 40 An enhancer sequence _____. | back 40 can be inverted without altering its functional ability |