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11 notecards = 3 pages (4 cards per page)

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Ecology chapter 16

front 1

What's the difference between interspecific and intraspecific competition?

back 1

Intraspecific competition is within the same species while interspecific competition is between different species.

front 2

What makes water and space resources for plants and animals but not temperature, pH and salinity?

back 2

Water and space can be used or consumed but not temperature, pH or salinity.

front 3

Explain the competitive exclusion principle.

back 3

In a situation where two species are limited by the same resource one species will always end up dominating while the other dies out.

front 4

Why did Darwin think closely-related species would
compete more intensely than distantly-related species?

back 4

"...because, he reasoned, they possess similar traits, probably consume similar resources,..."

front 5

What do the a and β variables in competition equations represent? What do they allow you to do?

back 5

They represent the number of individuals of a species. They allow you to convert between the number of individuals of two species (like mole ratios in stoichiometry).

front 6

List three reasons why the simple 2-species competition model has limited use for predicting outcomes of competition in nature.

back 6

  • Species compete for multiple resources simultaneously
  • Abiotic conditions also affect species survival
  • Disturbances affect what species can dominate a landscape
  • Interactions (predator-prey) with other species affect the abundance of dominant species

front 7

Give an example of a trade-off between competitive
ability and predation

back 7

The most competitive animals are the most likely to get noticed by predators because of their generally higher activity levels.

front 8

What is exploitative competition?

back 8

When individuals consume and drive down the abundance of a resource to a point that other individuals cannot persist.

front 9

What is interference competition?

back 9

When competitors do not immediately consume resources but defend them from others.

front 10

What is apparent competition?

back 10

When two species have a negative effect on each other through an enemy—including a predator, parasite, or herbivore.

front 11

If two competing species can both be infected by the same parasite what might we see in a case of apparent competition?

back 11

In places where both species are present a difference in parasite resistance/tolerance may cause one species to suffer while the other flourishes.