front 1 Soil | back 1 composed of minerals, gases, water, organic substance, microorganisms |
front 2 Soils | back 2 complex natural systems of material and interacting components |
front 3 O horizon | back 3 organic material in varying decay states |
front 4 A horizon | back 4 topsoil, enriched with organic matter, dark brown ish |
front 5 E horizon | back 5 Not always there, intense leaching |
front 6 B horizon | back 6 sub soil, decomposition/weathering, rusty brown, clay iron and/or OM |
front 7 C horizon | back 7 unweathered parent material |
front 8 Soil porosity | back 8 proper drainage & retention |
front 9 Soil structure | back 9 arrangement of solid particles and pore space |
front 10 Water holding capacity | back 10 ability to store water |
front 11 Aeration | back 11 ability to exchange o2 levels |
front 12 Colloids | back 12 electrostatic charge to attract/absorb nutrient ions --> buffering capacity |
front 13 carbon cycle implication | back 13 store carbon in diff amt depending on veg and climate |
front 14 Physical weathering ex | back 14 freeze/thaw, abrasion, heat/cool very cold/very hot climate |
front 15 chemical weathering ex | back 15 dissolution, oxidation/reduction wet and hot climate |
front 16 biological weathering example | back 16 plant secreting acids, root expansion |
front 17 igneous | back 17 cooling of molten material, basalt at top, granite at bottom |
front 18 sedimentary | back 18 accumulation of sediments by chemically or compression |
front 19 metamorphic | back 19 igenous/sedimentary rock altered by heat, pressure, or chem activity |
front 20 glacial deposits | back 20 basal till, glacio-fluvial outwash, glacio-lacustrine |
front 21 Basal till | back 21 beneath advancing glacier, dense, poorly sorted, restricted drainage |
front 22 glacio-fluvial outwash | back 22 moving melt water, loose, coarse, well sorted, excellent permeability |
front 23 glacio-lacustrine | back 23 fine layers of alternating silt and clay |
front 24 higher temps vs colder temps | back 24 higher temps have faster chem reactions |
front 25 excess rainfall | back 25 low cations so more acidic |
front 26 little rainfall | back 26 leached cations so alkaline |
front 27 translocation | back 27 material being moved within soil |
front 28 transformation | back 28 material being altered |
front 29 R layer | back 29 bedrock |
front 30 Mollic Epipedon | back 30 dark with organic matter, rich in Ca and Mg |
front 31 Umbric Epipedon | back 31 same as mollic but with less Ca and Mg |
front 32 Ochric Epipedon | back 32 pale, little OM |
front 33 Histic Epipedon | back 33 OM over mineral soil |
front 34 Argillic horizon | back 34 accumulate silicate clays, illuvated |
front 35 albic horizon | back 35 light colored eluviated horizon w low clay and fe/al oxides |
front 36 spodic horizon | back 36 illuviated with collodial OM and Al oxides |
front 37 cambic horizon | back 37 non sandy horizon w some weathering |
front 38 gelisols | back 38 got permafrost |
front 39 aridisols | back 39 too dry for mesophytic plants |
front 40 aridisols | back 40 pale, low OM, little moisture |
front 41 alfisols | back 41 weathered, leaches clay |
front 42 ultisols | back 42 humid regions, intense weathering |
front 43 spodosols | back 43 coarse texture, weathering leaches OM |
front 44 tundra | back 44 cold temp, limited water, short grow season gelisols |
front 45 temperate deciduous forests | back 45 plants, water exceeds evapotranspiration of plants, OM bc shedding leaves alfisols and inceptisols |
front 46 coniferous forests | back 46 cold temp, high elevation, short grow season spodosols |
front 47 temperate grassland | back 47 grass dominated, mollisols, fertile, neutral to alkaline pH |
front 48 temperate deserts | back 48 dry, aridisols, pale |
front 49 tropical rainforests | back 49 hot, humid, oxisols, high NPP |
front 50 Which is hue, value, chroma 10YR 5/6 | back 50 YR: hue 5: value 6: chroma |
front 51 infiltration | back 51 water entering soil |
front 52 percolation | back 52 water moving thru soil |
front 53 water hold capacity | back 53 ability to store water |
front 54 bulk density | back 54 dry wt/vol |
front 55 porosity | back 55 100 - [BD/Pd * 100] |
front 56 aeration drainage issues occur when... | back 56 porosity <40% |
front 57 smaller pores | back 57 more suctional force |
front 58 gravitational water | back 58 drains out of large pores via gravity |
front 59 Capillary Water | back 59 held in the medium and fine pores against the force of gravity, cohesion |
front 60 soil moisture % aka GMC | back 60 [wet-dry]/dry * 100 |
front 61 volumetric moisture aka VMC | back 61 GMC - [BD/density water] |
front 62 PAW | back 62 Moisture content of field - moisture content at wilting |
front 63 endoaquatic | back 63 watertable at or near surface |
front 64 epiaquatic | back 64 accumulated above impermiable layer |
front 65 spontaneous flow goes from... | back 65 high potential to low potential |
front 66 potential energy state of water equation | back 66 SUM of the gravitational potential, the matric potential (if unsaturated) or the hydrostatic potential (if submerged), and the osmotic potential |