front 1 Fundamental niche vs Realized niche | back 1 The range of abiotic conditions under which species can persist vs the abiotic and biotic conditions where it does persist. |
front 2 How does the realized niche determine the geographic range of a species? | back 2 The abiotic and biotic conditions where a species persists makes up the area that a species inhabits or its geographical range |
front 3 Give 2 reasons why a species might be absent from a location that an ecological niche model predicted to be suitable | back 3 - Presence of predators - Presence of a parasite/pathogen - Competition |
front 4 Endemic vs Cosmopolitan species | back 4 A single, often isolated, range vs large geographic ranges that can span several continents |
front 5 Of endemic and cosmopolitan species, which are more vulnerable to habitat change/loss? | back 5 Endemic species |
front 6 The dispersion pattern characterized by individuals that are aggregated. | back 6 Clustered |
front 7 The dispersion pattern characterized by each individual maintaining a minimum distance between neighbours. | back 7 Evenly spaced |
front 8 The dispersion pattern characterized by each individual’s position being independent of the location of other individuals. | back 8 Random |
front 9 What might cause Clustered dispersion patterns? | back 9 - Living in social groups - Proximity to clustered resources - Parent/offspring proximity (especially in plants like Aspen) |
front 10 What might cause Evenly spaced dispersion patterns? | back 10 - Territories - Competition - Chemicals (plants, inhibits growth near them) |
front 11 Dispersal vs migration | back 11 Permanent vs Temporary |
front 12 What is area/volume based sampling? What is this method best used to count? | back 12 When a quadrat is set up and the amount of individuals in each quadrant in counted. Best for immobile species. |
front 13 What is line-transect sampling? What is this method best used to count? | back 13 When researchers count the number if individuals along a line. Best for immobile species or species that do not distribute easily (slow or restricted to an area). |
front 14 What is mark-recapture? What is this method best used to count? | back 14 An amount of individuals are captured, marked and released. A second survey is done at a later date and the number of marked and unmarked individuals are noted and compared. Best for highly mobile species. |
front 15 The formula to calculate mark-recapture data is as follows: M/N=R/C What do the variables represent? | back 15 M= # marked |
front 16 Rearrange the mark-recapture formula to solve for population size | back 16 N=(M/C)/R |
front 17 On a graph, the relationship between individual body size and population density is best described as... a) linear b) exponential | back 17 b) exponential |
front 18 What is dispersal limitation? What are some examples? | back 18 The absence of a population from suitable habitat because of barriers to dispersal.
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front 19 What does the basic metapopulation model describe? What is it best used for? | back 19 A scenario in which there are patches of suitable habitat embedded within a matrix of unsuitable habitat. |
front 20 What nuance the source-sink metapopulation model add to the basic model? | back 20 When it is necessary to also consider the quality of patches. |
front 21 What makes the landscape metapopulation model so complicated? Why might we not use it if it theoretically provides the most nuanced results? | back 21 The consideration of quality differences in suitable patches AND in the surrounding matrix. The quality of the matrix is sometimes not necessary to consider (e.g., terrestrial species on an isolated island or fish in an enclosed pond) |
front 22 What is the basic metapopulation model best used for? | back 22 Emphasizing how colonization and extinction events can affect the proportion of total suitable habitats that are occupied. |