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14 notecards = 4 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Ecology Chapter 10

front 1

What are some benefits of living in groups?

back 1

- increase chances of survival

- increase their rate of feeding

- increase success in finding mates

front 2

What are some costs of living in groups?

back 2

- predation

- competition

front 3

What is a territory?

back 3

An area defended by one or more individuals to protect against the intrusion of other individuals.

front 4

What are the 4 types of social interactions?

back 4

  • cooperation
  • selfishness
  • altruism
  • spitefulness

front 5

Give an example of cooperation.

back 5

2 animals helping each other hunt and splitting the food afterwards.

front 6

Give an example of selfishness.

back 6

Baby birds hogging food.

front 7

Give an example of spitefulness.

back 7

No natural examples.

front 8

Give an example of altruism.

back 8

When a mother octopus dies after caring for her clutch of eggs.

Worker bees/ants forgoing reproduction to serve their queen

front 9

Why is it difficult to explain the evolutionary benefits of altruism?

back 9

It decreases an individuals fitness in favour of increasing a different individuals fitness. This means the donor of the behaviour is favouring a different individual's chances of reproducing over their own.

front 10

Compare direct and indirect fitness.

back 10

  • Directly vs indirectly passing your genes to offspring by yourself procreating vs helping a relative procreate

front 11

What is the coefficient of relatedness? Why does it explain why altruism towards a non-relative provides
no indirect fitness benefit to the donor.

back 11

The probability that copies of a particular gene are shared by relatives. The donor and non-relative share no genetic material so the offspring of the recipient is not furthering any of the donor's DNA.

front 12

How does haploid sex determination work?

back 12

One sex is created by being haploid while the other is created by being diploid.

front 13

Why does haplodiploid sex determination favour eusociality?

back 13

The fitness benefit of taking care of an sibling of the same sex is greater than that of raising a child of the same sex.

front 14

What conditions would lead to an individual of a diploid species helping raise the offspring of its siblings rather than reproducing itself?

back 14

Conditions where the cost of forgoing personal reproduction is small. For example if the rate of success for starting a new colony (in a species of colonial animals) is low.