front 1 Unitary Systems | back 1 A system where the central government has all the power over subnational governments. |
front 2 Confederal System | back 2 A system where the subnational governments have most of the power. |
front 3 Federal System | back 3 A system where power is divided between the national and state governments. |
front 4 Enumerated Powers | back 4 Powers explicitly granted to the national government through the constitution also called expressed powers. |
front 5 Exclusive Powers | back 5 Powers only the national government may exercise. |
front 6 Implied Powers | back 6 Powers not granted specifically to the national government but considered necessary to carry out the enumerated powers. |
front 7 Commerce Clause | back 7 Grants congress the authority to regulate interstate business and commercial activity. |
front 8 Necessary and Proper Clause | back 8 Grants the federal government the authority to pass laws required to carry out its enumerated powers. Also called an elastic clause. |
front 9 Supremacy Clause | back 9 Establishes the constitution and the laws of the federal government passed under its authority as the highest laws of the land. |
front 10 Tenth Amendment | back 10 Reserves power not delegated to the national government to the states and the people; the basis of federalism. |
front 11 Reserved Powers | back 11 Powers not given to the national government, which are retained by the states and the people. |
front 12 Concurrent Powers | back 12 Powers granted to both states and federal government in the constitution. |
front 13 Full Faith and Credit Clause | back 13 Constitutional clause requiring states to recognize the public acts, records, and civil court proceeding from another state. |
front 14 Extradition | back 14 The requirement that officials in one state return a defendant to another state where a crime was committed. |
front 15 Privileges and Immunities Clause | back 15 Constitutional clause that prevents states from discriminating against people out of state. |
front 16 McCulloch v. Maryland | back 16 A second bank was created and Maryalnd wanted to tax it but failed due to the constitution |
front 17 Gibbons v. Ogden | back 17 Ogden was granted a monopoly by New York to run his steamboat on a route. Gibbons had a license granted by the federal government. Gibbons sued Ogden to stop the monopoly and won from the commerce clause. |
front 18 Dual Federalism | back 18 A form of American federalism in which states and the national government operate independently in their own areas of public policy. |
front 19 Cooperative Federalism | back 19 A form of American federalism in which the states and the national government work together to shape public policy. |
front 20 Grants-in-Aid | back 20 Federal money provided to states to implement public policy objectives. |
front 21 Fiscal Federalism | back 21 The federal government uses grant-in-aids to influence policies of the states. |
front 22 Categorical grants | back 22 Grants-in-aid provided to states with specific provision of their use. |
front 23 Unfunded mandates | back 23 Federal requirements that states must follow without being provided with funding. |
front 24 Great Society | back 24 President Lyndon B. Johnson's ambitious domestic agenda in the 1960s to eliminate poverty and racial injustice by expanding the federal government's role in social welfare. |
front 25 Block Grants | back 25 A type of grants-in-aid that gives states officials more authority in the disbursement of federal funds. |
front 26 Revenue Sharing | back 26 when the federal government apportions tax money to the states with no strings attached. |
front 27 Devolution | back 27 Returning more authority to states or local governments. |
front 28 Elementary and Secondary Education Act | back 28 When federal grants money for students who have low income which creates an equal educational opportunity. |
front 29 No Child Left Behind Act | back 29 When the government gives money for states to regulate standard assessment tests in certain grade levels. |
front 30 Every Student Succeeds Act | back 30 Replaced NCLB which gave more latitude in setting educational standards |
front 31 U.S. v. Lopez | back 31 When Lopez brought in a gun on school grounds but was charged by the U.S. government. He sued saying congress cant regulate this from the commerce clause. |
front 32 Obergefell v. Hodges | back 32 landmark 2015 Supreme Court decision that held the Fourteenth Amendment requires all U.S. states to license and recognize marriages between same-sex couples. |
front 33 Gonzalez v. Raich | back 33 Supreme Court decision that affirmed Congress's authority to ban the production and possession of homegrown cannabis, even for medical use allowed by state law, under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution. |