front 1 Convenience sample | back 1 Choosing individuals from the population who are easy to reach. |
front 2 Voluntary response sample | back 2 Consists of people who have chosen to respond |
front 3 Simple random sample (SRS) | back 3 Gathering a representative sample from a population where every group of size n has the same chance of being chosen. Each selection is independent. |
front 4 Steps for choosing SRS | back 4 1. Label each individual with a distinct numerical value with the same number of digits 2. Randomize, either using technology or a list of random digits 3. Select the sample that corresponds to the selected integers |
front 5 Systematic sample | back 5 The elements of the population are put into a list, and then every kth element in the list is chosen |
front 6 Stratified sample | back 6 The population is divided into different subgroups, or strata, then are randomly selected proportionally |
front 7 Cluster sample | back 7 Divide the population area into sections that are close to each other; randomly choose some of those clusters and include all members from those selected clusters. |
front 8 Undercoverage | back 8 occurs when some members of the population are less likely to be chosen or cannot be chosen in the sample |
front 9 Voluntary response | back 9 Occurs when using a voluntary response sample. (not representative of pop) |
front 10 Non-response | back 10 occurs when an individual chosen for the sample can't be contacted or refuses to cooperate (occurs after sample is taken) |
front 11 Response bias | back 11 Occurs when there is a systematic pattern of inaccurate answers to a survey question; can be caused by the behavior of the respondent or the behavior of the interviewer. |