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Chapter 4 AP Statistics

front 1

Convenience sample

back 1

Choosing individuals from the population who are easy to reach.

front 2

Voluntary response sample

back 2

Consists of people who have chosen to respond

front 3

Simple random sample (SRS)

back 3

Gathering a representative sample from a population where every group of size n has the same chance of being chosen. Each selection is independent.

front 4

Steps for choosing SRS

back 4

1. Label each individual with a distinct numerical value with the same number of digits

2. Randomize, either using technology or a list of random digits

3. Select the sample that corresponds to the selected integers

front 5

Systematic sample

back 5

The elements of the population are put into a list, and then every kth element in the list is chosen

front 6

Stratified sample

back 6

The population is divided into different subgroups, or strata, then are randomly selected proportionally

front 7

Cluster sample

back 7

Divide the population area into sections that are close to each other; randomly choose some of those clusters and include all members from those selected clusters.

front 8

Undercoverage

back 8

occurs when some members of the population are less likely to be chosen or cannot be chosen in the sample

front 9

Voluntary response

back 9

Occurs when using a voluntary response sample. (not representative of pop)

front 10

Non-response

back 10

occurs when an individual chosen for the sample can't be contacted or refuses to cooperate (occurs after sample is taken)

front 11

Response bias

back 11

Occurs when there is a systematic pattern of inaccurate answers to a survey question; can be caused by the behavior of the respondent or the behavior of the interviewer.