front 1 IF A PATIENT'S K READING SHOWS THE SAME DIOPTER VALUE AT 180 AND 90, WHAT TYPE LENS WILL BE NEEDED ? | back 1 SPHERICAL |
front 2 WHICH IS NOT A SLIT LAMP ILLUMINATION? ►DIRECT ►SCLEROTIC SCATTER ►MODERN ►DIFFUSE | back 2 MODERN IS NOT A SILT LAMP ILLUMINATION |
front 3 WHAT IS ANOXIA? | back 3 A DEFICIENCY OF OXYGEN. |
front 4 NAME THREE TYPES OF BIFOCAL CONTACT LENSES | back 4 ANNULAR AKA ASPHERIC SEGMENTED AKA TRANSLATING CONCENTRIC |
front 5 IF A CORNEA IS FLATTER THAN AN AVERAGE CORNEA WHAT CONDITION WILL THIS LIKELY CAUSE? | back 5 HYPEROPIA |
front 6 A CONVEX LENS CREATES A MINUS OR PLUS LENS | back 6 A PLUS LENS |
front 7 A CONCAVE LENSE CREATES A MINUS OR PLUS LENS | back 7 A MINUS LENS |
front 8 WHAT DOES PRK STAND FOR? | back 8 PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY a laser eye surgery used to correct refractive errors, such as nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), and astigmatism. |
front 9 APHAKIC | back 9 ABSENCE OF CRYSTALLINE LENS |
front 10 WHAT IS THE INDEX OF REFRACTION OF THE CORNEA? | back 10 1.376 |
front 11 WHAT IS THE AVERAGE DIOPTER POWER OF THE CORNEA? | back 11 +43.00 DIOPTERS |
front 12 WHAT IS THE REFRACTIVE POWER OF A KERATOMETER? | back 12 1.3375 |
front 13 WHAT IS THE VERTEX DISTANCE FORMULA? | back 13 DIOPTER POWER 1-(MM x DIOPTER POWER) |
front 14 WHAT IS THE DIOPTER TO MM REFERENCE POINT? | back 14 7.50 MM = 45.00 DIOPTERS |
front 15 FORMULA TO FIND BASE CURVE | back 15 337.5 / DIOPTER POWER |
front 16 FORMULA TO FIND K READING | back 16 337.5 / BASE CURVE |
front 17 FORMULA TO FIND NEW LENS POWER | back 17 MM X .3375 |
front 18 WHEN THE POWER OF A CURVE INCREASE BY .50 DIOPTER THE RADIUS OF CURVATURE DECREASE BY? | back 18 APPROXIMATELY 0.10 MM |
front 19 WHAT IS THE ANSI STANDARD TOLERANCE FOR THE DIAMETER OF A CONTACT LENS? | back 19 +/- .50 |
front 20 WHAT IS THE ANSI STANDARD OF A POWER OF RIGID LENS WITH THE POWER FROM 5.12 - 10.0 DIOPTERS? | back 20 +/- .18 |
front 21 WHAT IS THE ANSI STANDARD OF A POWER OF RIGID LENS WITH THE POWER FROM A LENS LESS THAN +/- 5 DIOPTERS? | back 21 +/- .12 |
front 22 HOW MUCH % OF CYL IS PRESENT IF AXIS IS 30 DEGREES AWAY? | back 22 25% |
front 23 HOW MUCH % OF CYL IS PRESENT IF AXIS IS 45 DEGREES AWAY? | back 23 50% |
front 24 HOW MUCH % OF CYL IS PRESENT IF AXIS IS 60 DEGREES AWAY? | back 24 75% |
front 25 HOW MUCH % OF CYL IS PRESENT IF AXIS IS 90 DEGREES AWAY? | back 25 100% |
front 26 WHAT DOES SOAP STAND FOR? | back 26 SUBJECTIVE EXAM OBJECTIVE EXAMINE ASSESS THE SITUATION PLAN THE APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT STEPS |
front 27 WHAT DOES RSVP STAND FOR? | back 27 REDNESS SENSITIVITY TO LIGHT VISUAL CHANGES PAIN |
front 28 WHAT IS THE TOTAL OPTIC POWER OF THE EYE? | back 28 60 DIOPTERS CORNEA = +43 DIOPTERS CRYSTLINE LENS = +17 DIOPTERS |
front 29 IF A LENS JUMPS AFTER A BLINK AND VISION TAKES TIME TO RESETTLE THIS IS AN INDICATION OF WHAT? | back 29 LENS IS TOO LOOSE |
front 30 IF A LENS BARELY BUDGES ACROSS THE BLINK CYCLE THIS IS AN INDICATION OF WHAT? | back 30 LENS IS TOO TIGHT |
front 31 IF A LENS DIPS BRIEFLY AND STABLIZES RIGHT BACK AFTER BLINK THIS IS AN INDICATION OF WHAT? | back 31 A NORMAL LENS FIT |
front 32 WHAT IS THE INDEX OF REFRACTION OF THE VITREOUS? | back 32 1.34 |
front 33 SHORTER THE RADIUS CREATES A TIGHTER OR LOOSER FIT? | back 33 TIGHTER |
front 34 A STEEPER CURVE HAS WHAT EFFECT OF THE DIAMETER? | back 34 CREATES A LONGER DIAMETER |
front 35 A TIGHTER FIT IS AN INDICATER OF WHAT KIND OF POWER OF LENS? | back 35 A STRONGER POWER |
front 36 WHY DOES A TIGHTER FIT CREATE A STRONGER POWER? | back 36 THE STEEPER CURVE CREATES A PLUS LACRIMAL LENS THUS A STEEPER THAN K READING |
front 37 A TIGHTER FIT CREATES WHAT KIND OF RADIUS OF CURVATURE? | back 37 SHORTER RADUIS OF CURVATURE |
front 38 A LOOSER FIT CREATES WHAT KID OF RADIUS OF CURVATURE? | back 38 LONGER RADUIS OF CURVATURE |
front 39 WHY DOES A LOOSER FIT CREATE A WEAKER POWER? | back 39 IT CREATES A FLATTER CURVE WITH A MINUS LACRIMAL LENS A FLATTER THAN K READING |
front 40 A SHORTER DIAMETER CREATES WHAT KIND OF FIT? | back 40 LOOSER FIT |
front 41 WHAT LENS MODIFICATION CAN BE PREFORMED IN THE OFFICE? | back 41 DECREASE THE DIAMETER OF POZ |
front 42 WHAT IS THE INFLAMMATION OF THE LACRIMAL GLAND? | back 42 DACRYODENTIS |
front 43 WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON LENS DESIGN FOR BOTH GAS PERM AND RIGID LENSES? | back 43 CORNEAL LENSES ARE THE MOST COMMON DESIGN |
front 44 AS SAGGITTAL DEPTH INCREASES VAULTING.... | back 44 INCREASES |
front 45 BEFORE 1930 WHAT MATERIAL WAS USED FOR CONTACT LENSES? | back 45 GLASS |
front 46 WHAT DO YOU SEE WHEN THE KERATOMETER IS OUT OF FOCUS? | back 46 THE LOWER RIGHT MIRE IS DOUBLED |
front 47 WHAT INSTRUMENT IS USED TO DETERMINE THE BASE CURVE OF A RIGID CONTACT? | back 47 RADIUSCOPE |
front 48 WHAT IS THE CHORD LENGTH OF THE MIRE MEASURED BY THE KEATOMETER WITHOUT AN AUXILLARY LENS? | back 48 3.8 MM TO 2.6 MM |
front 49 WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF THE TEAR FILM, OUTSIDE IN? | back 49 LIPID, AQUEOUS, MUCIN |
front 50 WHAT IS THE CURVE ON THE FRONT SURFACE OF THE CONTACT LENS CALLED? | back 50 ANTERIOR OPTICAL ZONE RADIUS |
front 51 WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON REMOVAL METHOD FOR A SOFT CONTACT LENS? | back 51 PINCH |
front 52 WHAT DEVELOPMENT LED TO A DESIGN FOR SOFT TORIC CONTACT LENSES? | back 52 DYNAMIC STABILIZATION BY WEICON |
front 53 WHAT IS A CHRONIC, AUTO-IMMUNE DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY MONOCULAR CELL INFILTRATION THE LACRIMAL AND SALIVARY GLANDS? | back 53 SJOGREN'S SYNDROME |
front 54 HOW MUCH MOVEMENT DO MOST LENS MANUFACTURERS RECOMMEND FOR SOFT LENSES? | back 54 .050 MM TO 1.00 MM |
front 55 WHO IS CREDITED FOR PRODUCING THE FIRST HYDROGEL LENSES WITH A CHILDRENS TOY BUILDING KIT? | back 55 OTTO WICHTERLE |
front 56 Aniseikonia | back 56 A condition in which the image sizes in each eye are different, leading to difficulties in achieving single vision |
front 57 Anisometropia | back 57 Can be recognized where there is a difference of 1.00 D or more between the OD and the OS prescriptions |
front 58 Blepharitis | back 58 Inflammation of the eyelids or eyelid margins |
front 59 Bullous Keratopathy | back 59 A painful eye condition where fluid-filled blisters form on the cornea due to endothelial cell dysfunction |
front 60 Corneal Edema | back 60 Corneal edema is swelling of the cornea caused by fluid buildup, making the eye appear cloudy or hazy |
front 61 Corneal Striae | back 61 Corneal striae are fine vertical lines in the cornea caused by swelling or structural stress, often making the eye look streaked or distorted |
front 62 Corneal Neovascularization | back 62 Forming new blood vessels from existing ones in the iris |
front 63 Episcleral Injection | back 63 Episcleral injection is the visible redness of the eye caused by dilated blood vessels in the episclera |
front 64 Exophthalmos | back 64 Where the eyeball protrudes from the eye socket, making it appear to bulge |
front 65 Hyphema | back 65 The accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, usually caused by trauma Ocular Disorders and Conditions |
front 66 Glaucoma | back 66 A group of ocular diseases affecting the optic nerve which can cause progressive vision loss |
front 67 Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC) | back 67 An inflammatory reaction of the upper eyelid's inner surface, often caused by contact lens irritation |
front 68 Keratitis Sicca | back 68 An inflammation or irritation of the cornea caused by dry eye |
front 69 Keratoconus | back 69 A progressive eye disorder that affects the cornea, causing it to gradually thin and take on a conical shape, bulging forward |
front 70 Macular Degeneration | back 70 Deterioration of the macula that causes central vision loss |
front 71 Nystagmus | back 71 An involuntary oscillation of the eyes that can be caused by a variety of conditions |
front 72 Pinguecula | back 72 A yellowish, raised growth on the white part of the eye near the cornea |
front 73 Pterygium | back 73 A growth of tissue on the conjunctiva that typically starts on the sclera and grows toward the cornea |
front 74 Retinal Detachment | back 74 Retinal detachment is a serious condition where the retina separates from the back of the eye |
front 75 Retinitis Pigmentosa | back 75 A group of hereditary diseases that cause progressive degeneration of the retina and may cause total blindness |
front 76 Uveitis | back 76 Describes any inflammation of the uvea, including the iris, ciliary body, or choroid |
front 77 The lens edge can be divided into three zones: | back 77
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front 78 Anterior Zone | back 78 The edge in contact with the upper lid during the blink cycle. Its function is to minimize lid irritation during blinking. |
front 79 Posterior Zone | back 79 A small reverse curve on the posterior surface designed to flare the edge away from the cornea. |
front 80 Edge Apex | back 80 The junction between the anterior and posterior zones. This area must be well-rounded to reduce lid awareness during the blink cycle. |
front 81 WHAT TYPE OF LENS WILL SHOW TWO SEPARATE RADUSCOPE MEASUREMENTS FOR EACH LENS SURFACE? | back 81 A BITORIC LENS |
front 82 Ametropia | back 82 Any condition where light cannot focus on the retina, myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. |
front 83 Amblyopa | back 83 Also known as 'lazy eye.' |
front 84 Antimetropia | back 84 one eye is hyperopic and the other is myopic |
front 85 Aniscoria | back 85 unequal pupil size |
front 86 Increasing the diameter of a contact lens with result in a looser fit or tighter fit | back 86 tighter fit |
front 87 A Fleischer ring is an early sign of what condition? | back 87 Keratoconus |
front 88 Arcus Sinilis | back 88 a white or grey ring of lipid, (fat), deposits forms around the outer edge of the cornea - often part of aging |
front 89 DK/t | back 89 refers to the amount of oxygen that passes through a lens material of specific thickness |
front 90 Trichiasis | back 90 Eyelashses grow inward |
front 91 Ptosis | back 91 Dropping eyelid |
front 92 Ectropion | back 92 Eyelid turns outward |
front 93 Entropion | back 93 Eyelid turns inward |
front 94 How many transitional zones will a quadcurve lens have? | back 94 Three Optical Zone, Transitional Curves (2), Landing Curve |
front 95 What is the most common design for both gas perm and rigid lenses? | back 95 Corneal Design |
front 96 What test is used to measure corneal thickness? | back 96 Pachymetry |
front 97 Strabismus | back 97 A misalignment of the eyes Esotropia - Inward turning Exotropia - Outward turning |
front 98 What is an Emmetrope? | back 98 A person who needs no refractive correction. |
front 99 What type of astigmatism may be revealed by viewing a spherical rigid contact lens on the cornea? | back 99 Corneal Astigmatism |
front 100 The curvature on the anterior surface of a contact lens is called? | back 100 Anterior Optical Zone Radius |
front 101 What lens diameter might be selected to achieve a corneal alignment (lid attachement) fit with an RGP lens? | back 101 9.5 mm is the lens diameter for a corneal alignment fit with an RGP lens |
front 102 What does HVID mean? | back 102 Horizontal Visible Iris Diameter |
front 103 What is the primary function of the digital corneal topographer? | back 103 Measure the curvature of the cornea |
front 104 What astigmatism do these K-Readings represent? 43.00 @180/44.00@90 | back 104 WITH THE RULE |
front 105 What astigmatism do these K-Readings represent? 43.00@180/43.00@90 | back 105 NO ASTIGMATISM |
front 106 What astigmatism do these K-Readings represent? 44.00@180/43.00@90 | back 106 AGAINST THE RULE |
front 107 What astigmatism do these K-Readings represent? 43.00@135/44.00@45 | back 107 OBLIQUE |
front 108 What is the most common removal method of a gas perm lens? | back 108 Blink Method |
front 109 What is the most common removal method of a soft contact lens? | back 109 Pinch Method |
front 110 WHAT KIND OF AN ASTIGMATISM DOES THIS RX REPRESENT? RX: +1.00 -1.00 x 90 | back 110 Simple Hyperopic Astigmatism One image is formed behind the retina and the other on the retina. True Powers: +1.00 x90 and pl x180 |
front 111 WHAT KIND OF AN ASTIGMATISM DOES THIS RX REPRESENT? RX: -1.00 +1.00 x 90 | back 111 Simple Myopic Astigmatism One image is formed in front of the retina and the other on the retina. True Powers: -1.00 x90 and pl x180 |
front 112 Vertex Distance Rule of Thumb | back 112 10-10-1 |
front 113 What accurately measures the surface curves of the anterior and posterior surface of rigid contact lenses? | back 113 Radiuscope |
front 114 What is the Index of refraction for the tear film? | back 114 1.336 |
front 115 A specialty contact lens which is comprised of a soft carrier and rigid center is called a | back 115 Hybrid Contact Design |
front 116 EXO - | back 116 OUT IE. EXOPHORIA - TENDANCY OF THE EYE TO TURN OUTWARD IE. EXOTROPIA - DEFINATE TURNING OF THE EYE OUTWARD |
front 117 ESO - | back 117 IN IE. ESOPHORIA - TENDANCY OF THE EYE TO TURN INWARD IE. ESOTROPIA - DEFINATE TURNING OF THE INWARD |
front 118 HYPER - | back 118 UP IE. HYPERPHORIA - TENDANCY OF THE EYE TO TURN UPWARD IE. HYPERTROPIA - DEFINATE TURNING OF THE UPWARD |
front 119 HYPO - | back 119 DOWN IE. HYPOPHORIA - TENDANCY OF THE EYE TO TURN DOWNWARD IE. HYPOTROPIA - DEFINATE TURNING OF THE DOWNWARD |
front 120 WHICH TEST IS USED TO MEASURE CORNEAL THICKNESS? | back 120 PACHYMETRY |
front 121 WHAT IS THE INDEX OF REFRACTION OF GLASS IF LIGHT TRAVELS THE SPEED 133,000mi/sec | back 121 1.398 |
front 122 CORNEAL LENSES AKA SOFT CONTACT LENSES | back 122 ►9-15 MM ►RESTS ON CORNEA ►INTIALALLY DISCOMFORTING DUE TO RESTING ON CORNEA ►LESS STABLE, CAN MOVE OR DECENTER ON EYE ►IDEAL FOR MINOR CORNEAL IRREGULARRITIES, HIGH ASTIG, HIGH MYOPIA, ORTHOKERATOLOGY |
front 123 SEMI - SCLERAL LENSES AKA RIGID/GAS PERMAMABLE LENSES | back 123 ►13-15 MM ►RESTS NEAR THE LIMBUS, (WHERE THE CORNEA AND SCLERA MEET) ►MINIMAL OR PARTIAL VAULTING OVER THE CORNEA ►GENERALLY MORE COMFORTABLE AND STABLE THAN CORNEAL LENSES ►IDEAL FOR MILD TO MODERATE CORNEAL IRREGULARITIES OR PTS WHO CANNOT TOLERATE CORNEAL LENSES |
front 124 SCLERAL LENSES AKA HAPTIC LENSES OR PMMA LENSES | back 124 ► 15-24 MM ►VAULTS COMPLETELY OVER THE CORNEA AND LIMBUS, RESTING ENTIRELY ON THE SCLERA, (THE WHITE OF THE EYE) ►LACRIMAL LENS IS CREATED BETWEEN LENS AND COREAN ►HIGHLY COMFORTABLE AS IT RESTS ON THE LESS SENSITIVE SCLERA ►EXCELLENT STABILITY DUE TO LARGE SIZE ►CAUSES SEVERE DRY EYE, IDEAL FOR KERATOCONUS, POST-CORNEAL TRANSPLANTS, AND POST-LASIK COMPLICATIONS PTS |
front 125 What is another term for Central Posterior Curve | back 125 Primary Curve |
front 126 Focusing on a NEAR object the ciliary muscles ► contract ►relax | back 126 Contract the ciliary muscles CONTRACT moving twoards the lens and releases the tension on the zonular fibers allowing the lens to spring back and THICKEN into a more CONVEX shape which INCREASES THE refractive power to focus on the nearby image |
front 127 Focusing on a DISTANT object the ciliary muscles ► contract ►relax | back 127 Relax the ciliary muscles RELAX and expand outwards pulling the zonular fibers tight and pulling on the lens stretching into a THINNER, FLATTER shape which has refractive power allowing the eye to focus on faraway objects. |
front 128 What is the name for a group of corneal conditions that cause thinning and buldging? ► Catract ► Ptergium ►Ectasia ►Blepharitis | back 128 Ectasia |