Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called:

reffered pain

The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:

removing sodium and water from the body

Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

Burning or gnawing stomach pain that subsides immediately after eating

Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who:

consume a lot of alcohol.

The principal symptom in both infectious and noninfectious gastroenteritis is:

diarrhea

Older patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of:

age-related deterioration of their sensory systems.

Erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to overactivity of digestive juices results in:

an ulcer

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?

Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.

An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:

provide emotional support en route to the hospital.

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured?

Liver

In the presence of ileus, the only way the stomach can empty itself is by:

Vomiting

A strangulated hernia is one that:

loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.

Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:

lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.

The parietal peritoneum lines the:

walls of the abdominal cavity

Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?

pancreas

Functions of the liver include:

secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances.

The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is:

transporting the patient without delay.

Chronic renal failure is a condition that:

is often caused by hypertension or diabetes.

Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies?

spleen

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum:

is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.

Your patient’s past medical history includes hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and seizures. Today, he presents with signs of acute renal failure. Which of his medical problems MOST likely caused this?

heart failure

Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting, and lack of appetite are MOST indicative of:

appendicitis.

The MOST common and significant complication associated with an acute abdomen is:

peritonitits

Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in:

leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity.

You are transporting a 49-year-old male with “tearing” abdominal pain. You are approximately 30 miles away from the closest hospital. During your reassessment, you determine that the patient’s condition has deteriorated

consider requesting a rendezvous with an ALS unit.

Solid abdominal organs include the:

spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.

During your assessment of a 70-year-old woman, she tells you that she takes blood-thinning medication and has to wear compression stockings around her legs. This information should make you suspect that she has:

deep vein thrombosis.

Hemoglobin is:

found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen.

In general, oral glucose should be given to any patient who:

has an altered mental status and a history of diabetes.

Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations.

During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:

he has hemophilia A.

Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for:

acute arterial rupture.

Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient:

takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin.

Assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia will MOST likely reveal:

combativeness.

Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

ensuring the absence of a gag reflex.

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?

In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen.

The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because:

children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults.

Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?

Blindness

Excessive eating caused by cellular “hunger” is called:

polyphagia.

When obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient with diabetes who has an altered mental status, it would be MOST important to determine:

if he or she has had any recent illnesses or excessive stress.

Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience polyuria because:

excess glucose in the blood is excreted by the kidneys.

Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

disorder of glucose metabolism.

Type 1 diabetes:

is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body.

To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?

A confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor

Which of the following signs or symptoms would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with new-onset type 1 diabetes?

Weight loss and polyuria

Common signs and symptoms of severe hyperglycemia include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cool clammy skin

Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when:

insulin is not available in the body.

Glipizide, a non–insulin-type medication, is another name for:

Glucotrol.

Patients with type 2 diabetes usually control their disease with all of the following, EXCEPT:

supplemental insulin.

In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes:

is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level.

When assessing an unresponsive diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:

rate and depth of breathing

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:

attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.

The normal blood glucose level is between:

80 and 120

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen.

A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She furthe

is significantly hyperglycemic