front 1 The force driving simple diffusion is ________, while an energy source that drives active transport is ________. A) the concentration gradient; ADP B) the concentration gradient; ATP C) transmembrane pumps; electron transport D) phosphorylated protein carriers; ATP | back 1 B |
front 2 Which of the following processes must freshwater fish undertake to maintain homeostasis? A) excrete large quantities of electrolytes B) consume large quantities of water C) excrete large quantities of water D) take in electrolytes through simple diffusion | back 2 C |
front 3 Single-celled Paramecium live in pond water (a hyposmotic environment relative to the cytosol)... Which final concentration is the contractile vacuole most active? A) 0.0 mM sucrose B) 0.05 mM saline C) 0.08 mM sucrose D) 1.0 mM saline | back 3 A |
front 4 Which of the following best describes the role of transport epithelia in osmoregulation of marine fish with bony skeletons? A) They actively transport salt into the animal through the gills. B) They mediate the movement of water from seawater through the gills. C) They are involved in excretion of excess salt. D) They allow the fish to produce dilute urine. | back 4 C |
front 5 Salmon hatch in freshwater and migrate to ocean. What allows them to adapt between fresh and salt water? A) Rectal gland works in ocean, chloride cells in fresh water. B) Salt transport mechanisms in gill epithelia change during migration. C) Freshwater salmon excrete concentrated urine, saltwater salmon dilute urine. D) Their metabolism changes in salt water. | back 5 B |
front 6 Which of the following best explains the death of a marine sea star placed in fresh water? A) It was stressed and needed more time to acclimate. B) It was so hyperosmotic to the fresh water that it could not osmoregulate and thus its tissues swelled. C) Its kidney had ruptured. D) Its cells dehydrated and lost the ability to metabolize. | back 6 B |
front 7 The body fluids of an osmoconformer would be ________ with its ________ environment. A) hyperosmotic; freshwater B) hyperosmotic; seawater C) isoosmotic; seawater D) hypoosmotic; seawater | back 7 C |
front 8 Compared to the seawater around them, most marine invertebrates are ________. A) hyperosmotic B) hypoosmotic C) isoosmotic D) both hyperosmotic and isoosmotic | back 8 C |
front 9 Unlike most bony fishes, sharks are osmoconformers. How do they osmoregulate? A) Rid salt via gills and kidneys. B) Monitor dehydration via aquaporins. C) Tolerate high urea concentrations balanced with salt. D) Precipitate salts with uric acid. | back 9 C |
front 10 Why would a freshwater fish die in saltwater? A) Osmotic water loss from cells leads to organ failure. B) Salt diffuses into cells and causes them to burst. C) Kidneys can't remove water fast enough. D) Salt encrusts gills, preventing gas exchange. | back 10 A |
front 11 How is urea formed in mammals? A) In the liver from NH3 and CO2. B) In the liver from glycogen. C) In the kidneys from glycerol and fatty acids. D) In the bladder from uric acid and water. | back 11 A |
front 12 Where is ammonia most likely the primary nitrogenous waste? A) Freshwater fish environment B) Marine sea bird environment C) Terrestrial cricket environment D) Moist burrow with naked mole rats | back 12 A |
front 13 What medical condition results from uric acid crystal buildup? A) Diabetes B) Excessive thirst C) Gout D) Osteoarthritis | back 13 C |
front 14 What is an advantage of excreting nitrogenous waste as urea? A) Urea is a semi-solid paste. B) Urea is less toxic than ammonia. C) Urea does not affect osmotic gradient. D) Less nitrogen is lost. | back 14 B |
front 15 What contributes most to nitrogenous waste in animals? A) Starch and cellulose B) Triglycerides and steroids C) Proteins and nucleic acids D) Phospholipids and glycolipids | back 15 C |
front 16 Why do birds benefit from excreting uric acid? A) It dissolves well in water. B) It's cheaper to make. C) It needs little water to be excreted. D) It can be reused as protein. | back 16 C |
front 17 If waste is sticky with two fused rings, what animal is it likely from? A) Salmon B) Tiger shark C) Mouse D) Garden snail | back 17 D |
front 18 What does it suggest if potassium is transported into cricket Malpighian tubules against a gradient? A) Passive transport B) Energy-requiring active transport C) Potassium moves out faster D) Sodium will follow potassium | back 18 B |
front 19 What is the likely effect of potassium build-up in Malpighian tubules? A) Water will move out B) No water effect C) Water will move in D) Water will be conserved | back 19 C |
front 20 How are materials returned to blood from filtrate? A) Filtration B) Reabsorption C) Secretion D) Excretion | back 20 B |