front 1 H1 Receptor Antagonist (Antihistamine) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) | back 1 Treats minor symptoms of allergy and common cold |
front 2 What are some Adverse effects for H1 Receptor Antagonists? | back 2 drowsiness: occasionally paradoxical CNS stimulation and excitability. Dry mouth, tachycardia, mild hypotension May cause photosensitivity |
front 3 What should pts avoid when taking Antihistamines? | back 3 Alcohol |
front 4 Who shouldn't take antihistamines? | back 4 Third trimester of pregnancy, nursing mothers, newborn infants, |
front 5 Intranasal Glucocorticoids Fluticasone (Flonase) | back 5 This is the 1st choice for prevention of rhinitis it decreases local inflammation in nasal passages, thus reducing nasal stuffiness. |
front 6 What are some adverse effects of fluticasone (Flonase)? | back 6 Drying of nasal mucosa or sore throat, Epistaxis (nosebleed), Headache, |
front 7 Can a pregnant client take Mometasone and Triamcinolone? | back 7 No, this is a class C drug so the effects on pregnancy is unknown. |
front 8 Oxymetazoline (Afrin) | back 8 causes arterioles in nasal passages to constrict, dries mucous membranes, Only use for 3-5 days due to rebound congestion. |
front 9 Antitussives Dextromethorphan (Benylin) | back 9 Moa: acts in medulla to inhibit cough reflex Adverse effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, GI upset |
front 10 Inhaler Education | back 10 1. Remove cap and hold Inhaler upright, shake it, tilt your head back slightly and breath out slowly, press down on the inhaler to release medication as you start to breath in slowly for (3-5 seconds), Hold your breath for 10 seconds. Wait 1 minute between puffs. |
front 11 2 main classificationS of drug for Asthma and/or COPD | back 11 Bronchodilators and Anti-inflammatory agents Bronchodilators - Beta2-Adrenergic Agonists (Albuterol) - Methylxanthines (Theophylline) - Anticholinergics (Ipratropium) Anti-inflammatory Agents - Steroidal: Glucocorticoids (Prednisone) - Non-steroidal: Cromolyn - Leukotriene Modifiers - Anti-IgE |
front 12 Beta 2 adrenergic Agonists | back 12 Most effective drugs for relieving acute bronchospasm |
front 13 What are some Short Acting "Rescue Inhalers"? | back 13 Albuterol, Salbutamol, Levalbuterol (Xopenex) onset of action: 5min or less. Duration: 4-6hrs |
front 14 What is the off label use for Terbutaline? | back 14 Fetal distress, pre-term labor (Given SQ/IV) |
front 15 What are some long acting bronchodilators? | back 15 These are commonly administered in conjunction with inhaled steroids. Serevent (Salmeterol), Foradil (Formoterol), |
front 16 Bronchodilators-Beta-Adrenergic Agonists Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin, Vospire) | back 16 Moa: Selectively binds to beta2-adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation Primary use: for the termination of acute bronchospasm/ It can also be used before exercise to prevent exercise induced asthma |
front 17 Who can not get Beta-Adrenergic Agonsits? | back 17 Hx of Dysrhythmias or MI Not rec. to women who are breastfeeding |
front 18 Bronchodilators- Anticholinergic Ipratropium (Atrovent), Combivent | back 18 Moa: Causes bronchodilation by blocking cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle Primary use: Relief of acute bronchospasm |
front 19 What are some Adverse effects when taking anticholinergics? | back 19 Cough, hoarseness, bitter taste |
front 20 Methylxanthines | back 20 Theophylline, Aminophylline They have a narrow margin of safety (5-15) |
front 21 What are some side effects for Methyxanthines? | back 21 N/V, CNA Stimulation They are primarily used for long-term prophylaxis of asthma that is unresponsive to beta agonists or corticosteroids |
front 22 Who should not take Methylxanthine? | back 22 Pts with CAD, angina pectoris, severe renal or liver disorders, PUD, BPH, DM Not rec. for women who are breastfeeding |
front 23 Anti-inflammatory agents- Corticosteroids Beclomethasone (Beclovent, Beconase, Vancenase, Vanceril) | back 23 Moa: Reduces inflammation Primary use: to decrease the frequency of asthma attacks, Adverse effects: Oropharyngeal, Candidiasis Limit use to under 10 days |
front 24 What should you teach the pt to do after taking a steroid inhaler? | back 24 Rinse mouth after using, closely monitor blood glucose levels |
front 25 Omalizumab (Xolair) | back 25 Attach to receptor on Immunoglobin E (IgE) |
front 26 Leukotriene Modifiers Zafirlukast (Accolate) | back 26 Moa: Prevents airway edema and inflammation by blocking leukotriene receptors in airways Primary use: for prophylaxis of persistent, chronic asthma AE: Headache. nausea, diarrhea |
front 27 Mast Cell Stabilizers | back 27 Are safe for Prophylaxis of asthma Less effective than inhaled corticosteroid Ineffective at relieving acute bronchospasm |