front 1 In 1912, Woodrow Wilson became the first _______ elected to the presidency since the Civil War. a. lawyer b. non-Civil War veteran c. person born in the South d. Democrat e. Methodist | back 1 c |
front 2 To secure passage of the Underwood Tariff Bill, Woodrow broke new ground by a. stirring up western and southern regional hostility against the high-tariff East. b. sending a team of economic experts to testify before Congress. c. enlisting organized business groups to lobby for its passage. d. writing a book showing that high tariffs were harming the American economy. e. personally presenting his case to Congress and arousing public opinion. | back 2 e |
front 3 The Federal Reserve Act gave the Federal Reserve Board the authority to a. take the U.S. dollar off the gold standard. b. issue paper money and increase or decrease the amount of money in circulation by altering interest rates. c. guarantee individual banking deposits against bank failures. d. close weak banks. e. collect income taxes directly from employee's paychecks. | back 3 b |
front 4 The Federal Trade Commission was established in 1914 to address all of these practices except a. prohibiting false and misleading advertising. b. sale of stocks without full disclosure of a business's organization and profits. c. outlawing the mislabeling or adulterating of products. d. eliminating unfair and discriminatory trade practices e. outlawing unfair business competition and bribery. | back 4 b |
front 5 Because of the benefits it conferred on labor, Samuel Gompers called the _______ "labors Magna Carta." a. Federal Reserve Act b. Sixteenth Amendment c. Workmen's Compensation Act d. Clayton Anti-Trust Act e. Underwood Tariff Act | back 5 d |
front 6 The first Jewish member of the United States Supreme Court, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, was a. Arsene Pujo. b. Abraham Cahan. c. Felix Franfurter. d. Louis D. Brandeis. e. Bernard Baruch. | back 6 d |
front 7 Woodrow Wilson showed the limits of his progressivism by a. opposing the entry of women into politics. b. opposing workingmen's compensation. c. vetoing the Federal Farm Loan Act. d. refusing to appoint the Catholic Al Smith to the Federal Trade Commission. e. accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy. | back 7 e |
front 8 Which term best characterizes Woodrow Wilson's fundamental approach to American foreign policy? a. Isolationist b. Imperialistic c. Moralistic d. Balance-of-power e. Realistic | back 8 c |
front 9 Difficulties in Mexico in the early 20th century affected the U.S. by a. encouraging massive migration of Mexicans across the border. b. interfering with trade relations. c. providing an investment opportunity for U.S. corporations. d. sparking tension between the U.S. and Spain. e. None of these | back 9 a |
front 10 President Wilson's first direct use of American military forces in revolutionary Mexico occurred when he a. sent the army to protect the vast ranch of newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst. b. sent General Pershing to capture Pancho Villa after Villa staged raids into New Mexico. c. sent armed forces to protect against Mexico's nationalization of American businesses. d. sent the army to prevent Venustiano Carranza from becoming president of Mexico. e. seized the Mexican port of Vera Cruz to prevent German delivery of arms to President Huerta. | back 10 e |
front 11 Before his first term ended, Woodrow Wilson had militarily intervened in or purchased all of the following countries except a. Cuba b. Haiti c. the Virgin Islands d. the Dominican Republic e. Mexico | back 11 a |
front 12 As World War I began in Europe, the alliance system placed Germany and Austria-Hungary as leaders of the _________, while Russia and France were among the ________. a. Central Powers; Holy Alliance b. Central Powers; Triple Alliance c. Central Powers; Allies d. Allies; Central Powers e. Triple Alliance; Central Powers | back 12 c |
front 13 With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the great majority of Americans a. Supported the Central Powers. b. favored U.S. mediation of the conflict. c. earnestly hoped to stay out of the war. d. wanted to form a military alliance of neutral nations. e. favored entering the war in support of the Allies. | back 13 c |
front 14 From 1914 to 1916, America's growing trade with Britain and loss of trade with Germany essentially occurred because a. more Americans sympathized with the Britain than with Germany. b. the British navy controlled the Atlantic shipping lanes. c. British agents sabotaged American businesses that traded with Germany. d. the British needed American goods and weapons and the Germans did not. e. American bankers like J.P. Morgan were willing to loan money to Britain but not to Germany. | back 14 b |
front 15 One primary effect of World War I on the United States was that it a. suffered severe business losses. b. opened new markets in Germany and Austria-Hungary. c. turned more of its economic activity toward Latin America and Asia. d. conducted an immense amount of trade with the Allies. e. virtually ended American international trade. | back 15 d |
front 16 German submarines began sinking unarmed and unresisting merchant and passenger ships without warning a. when the United States entered the war. b. in an effort to keep the United States out of the war. c. because international law now allowed this new style of warfare. d. in a last-ditch effort to win the war. e. in retaliation for the British naval blockade of Germany. | back 16 e |
front 17 Which of the following American passenger liners was sunk by German submarines? a. None of these were American ships. b. Sussex c. Lusitania d. Arabic e. All of these American ships were sunk. | back 17 a |
front 18 In the Sussex pledge, Germany promised a. to halt its naval blockade of Britain. b. not to sink passenger ships without warning. c. to maintain the territorial integrity of France. d. not to sink passenger ships. e. to halt all submarine warfare. | back 18 b |
front 19 President Wilson broke diplomatic relations with Germany when a. it appeared that the German army would take Paris. b. Germany rejected Wilson's Fourteen Points for peace. c. Germany announced that it would wage unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic. d. the Zimmerman note was intercepted and made public. e. news was received that a revolutionary movement had overthrown the czarist regime in Russia. | back 19 c |
front 20 The Zimmerman note involved a proposed secret agreement between a. Mexico and France. b. Germany and Mexico c. Russia and France d. Germany and Canada e. Britain and France | back 20 b |
front 21 President Woodrow Wilson persuaded the American people to enter World War I by a. declaring it a crusade to "make the world safe for democracy." b. convincing the public of the need to make the world safe from the German submarine. c. insisting that the war would be fought primarily by the navy. d. appealing to America's tradition of intervention in Europe. e. demonstrating how American national security would be threatened by a German victory. | back 21 a |
front 22 Which one of the following was not among Wilson's Fourteen Points, upon which he based America's idealistic foreign policy in World War I? a. A new international organization to guarantee collective security. b. The principle of national self-determination for subject peoples c. Reduction of armaments d. Abolition of secret treaties. e. An international guarantee of freedom of religion. | back 22 e |
front 23 When the United States entered World War I, it was a. poorly prepared to leap into global war. b. well prepared industrially but not militarily. c. well prepared militarily but not industrially. d. well prepared thanks to the foresight of Woodrow Wilson. e. well prepared for land combat but not for naval warfare. | back 23 a |
front 24 During World War I, civil liberties in America were a. protected for everyone except German Americans. b. severely damaged by the pressures of loyalty and conformity. c. violated mostly in the western United States. d. threatened by President Wilson but protected by the courts. e. limited, but no one was actually imprisoned for his or her convictions. | back 24 b |
front 25 Although German-Americas were generally loyal citizens, during the war they were subjected to all of the following except a. violent attacks such as tarring, feathering, beatings and lynchings. b. deportation back to Germany. c. renaming German foods; sauerkraut became liberty cabbage. d. German books were removed from libraries and German courses cancelled. e. rumors that they were spying and sabotaging the U.S. | back 25 b |
front 26 Prosecutions under the Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918) can be characterized in all of the following ways except a. the laws meant that any criticism of the government could be censored and punished. b. after the war, President Harding issued pardons to many of those prosecuted, including labor leader Eugene Debs. c. antiwar socialists and labor leaders were visibly targeted. d. 1,900 Americans were prosecuted under these laws. e. the Supreme Court ruled that they were unconstitutional violations of free speech. | back 26 e |
front 27 Two constitutional amendments, adopted in part because of World War I, were the Eighteenth, which dealt with _______, and the Nineteenth, whose subject was _______. a. prohibition; woman suffrage b. prohibition; an income tax c. direct election of senators; woman suffrage d. an income tax; direct election of senators e. women suffrage; prohibition | back 27 a |
front 28 The movement of tens of thousands of Southern blacks north during World War I resulted in a. racial violence in the North. b. a new black middle class. c. fewer blacks willing to be used as strikebreakers. d. better race relations in the South. e. All of these | back 28 a |
front 29 The two groups who suffered the most from the violation of civil liberties during World War I were a. African Americans and Latinos. b. German Americans and social radicals. c. labor unions and women's groups. d. Catholics and atheists. e. Irish Americans and Japanese Americans. | back 29 b |
front 30 World War I was the first time that a. the military was desegregated. b. women were admitted to the armed forces. c. African Americans served in the military. d. the U.S. government employed a draft. e. None of these | back 30 b |
front 31 The United States' main contributions to the Allied victory in World War I included all of the following except a. foodstuffs b. battlefield victories c. oil d. munitions e. financial credit | back 31 b |
front 32 Woodrow Wilson's ultimate goal at the Paris Peace Conference was to a. force Germany to pay reparations for the war. b. blame no one for starting the war. c. establish the League of Nations. d. destroy the Russian and Austrian empires. e. stop the spread of communism | back 32 c |
front 33 In the United States, the most controversial aspect of the Treaty of Versailles was the a. principle of self-determination for smaller nations in Europe and elsewhere. b. provision for trusteeship of former German colonies. c. severe reparations that Germany would have to pay. d. League of Nations. e. permanent U.S. alliance with France. | back 33 d |