front 1 McCulloch v. Maryland | back 1 McCulloch. Did Congress have authority under Constitution to commission a national bank. Congress had the power through the NEcessary and Proper clause to and the state of Maryland could not tax the Bank of US. Clarified how the US federal system worked. |
front 2 US v. Lopez | back 2 Lopez. Whether the Gun Zones Free Act of 1990 exceeded Congress powers. Redefined the scope of congressional power and reinforced the principle of limited gov. |
front 3 Engel v. Vitale | back 3 Engel. Did the recitation of a gov-composed prayer in public schools violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment? The prayer was unconstitutional and ended the practice of school-led prayers in public schools. |
front 4 Marbury v. Madison | back 4 Marbury. Does Marbury have the right to his commission and can he use the federal government for it? Marbury was entitled to his commission, but the Court could not deliver it. Established judicial review as implied in Article 3. |
front 5 Baker v. Carr | back 5 Carr. Did federal courts have the power to intervene and decide cases related to legislative apportionment. Protection of individual rights, opened the door for federal court to address and rectify instances of reapportionment and gerrymandering. Equal Protection Clause. |
front 6 Wisconsin v. Yoder | back 6 Yoder. Under what conditions does the state's interest in promotign compulsory education override's parents First Amendment Right to free exercise of religion. Free Exercise Clause and 14th Amendment. Gov can't force past age of 14. Education doesn't override First Amend. |
front 7 Tinker v. Des Moines | back 7 Tinker. Does prohibition towards wearing armbands in public school as a form of symbolic speech violate the student's freedom of speech as in the First Amendment. Students and teachers had the right to free speech in public schools as supported by First Amendment, unless there is a substantial interference. |
front 8 Brown v. BOE | back 8 Brown. Does segregation in public schools by race violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment? Segregation violated the EPC of the 14th Amendment. |
front 9 Shaw v. Reno | back 9 Prohibits states from racial gerrymandering under the 14th Amendment. |
front 10 Citizen United v. FEC | back 10 Corps./orgs. had protected speech under First Amendment. Unlimited corporate spending, Super PACs, 'Dark Money.' |
front 11 Gitlow v. New York | back 11 While the Court upheld Gitlow's conviction, the case established that the First Amendment's protections for free speech and press could be invoked against state actions, according to the Federal Judicial Center. Selective incorporation. |
front 12 Gideon v. Wainwright | back 12 Those who couldn't afford a lawyer be provided with one as stated in Article 6. Selective incorporation. |
front 13 NYT v. US | back 13 NYT. Freedom of press and limiting prior restraint. First amendment. |
front 14 Roe v. Wade | back 14 4th amendment right to privacy, and due process clause of 14th amendment. |
front 15 MacD v. Chicago | back 15 states could not limit gun ownership for self-protection, 14th amendment due process clause, privileges and immunities clause, 2nd Amendment |
front 16 Shenck v. US | back 16 Speech presented as a "clear and present danger" is not protected by the First Amendment. Free Speech. |