front 1 Which two-tank comparison provides the strongest evidence that the presence of UV light at natural levels inhibits photosynthesis? | back 1 Tank 1 versus tank 2 |
front 2 Which of the following human activities is most closely associated with depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer? | back 2 Disposal of refrigerators and air conditioners |
front 3 In 1978, the United States banned the use of CFCs in aerosols. Based on the data in the graph, which of the following best explains the effect of this ban as a solution to decrease global CFC production? | back 3 The ban on CFCs led to a decrease of CFC-11 and CFC-12 production by more than 15% between 1978 and 1980, which supports the ban as an effective solution to reduce global CFC production. |
front 4 Ozone in the stratosphere is important to organisms at Earth's surface because ozone molecules are very strong absorbers of | back 4 ultraviolet rays |
front 5 Stratospheric ozone depletion is most likely to result in which of the following? | back 5 Disruption of photosynthesis in plants |
front 6 Which of the following best exemplifies global collaboration for a sustainable environment? | back 6 The Montreal Protocol |
front 7 Which of the following best describes the advantage of using hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) or hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in industrial processes? Responses | back 7 HFCs and HCFCs have lower ozone-depleting potentials than CFCs do. |
front 8 Addressed the issue of stratospheric ozone depletion | back 8 Montreal Protocol |
front 9 Contains an amendment that allows private landowners to modify their property under a habitat conservation plan | back 9 Endangered Species Act |
front 10 Which of the following best identifies the reason that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were banned in 1996 by the Montreal Protocol? | back 10 CFCs led to the destruction of stratospheric ozone. |
front 11 Which of the following describes a negative effect of substituting hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs) for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in an effort to reduce ozone depletion? | back 11 Some type of hydrofluorocarbons are greenhouse gases that contribute to global climate change. |
front 12 A greenhouse gas that is exclusively anthropogenic | back 12 CCl2F2 |
front 13 A greenhouse gas that, in the lower troposphere, is formed by photochemical reactions | back 13 O3 |
front 14 The most abundant nonanthropogenic greenhouse gas | back 14 H2O |
front 15 How many units of energy are absorbed by Earth's surface? | back 15 120 |
front 16 How many units of energy return to space from Earth and its atmosphere? | back 16 100 |
front 17 Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for the changes shown in Scenario 3? | back 17 Roads and electric power lines subdivided the landscape into smaller pieces and decreased the amount of available habitat. |
front 18 Which of the following correctly identifies the type of habitat change(s) shown within each potential scenario in the diagram? | back 18 All scenarios experienced habitat loss, but only Scenario 3 experienced habitat fragmentation. |
front 19 The spread of infectious diseases is expected to increase with climate change, mainly because | back 19 warmer temperatures allow disease-carrying insects to survive in areas that were once too cold |
front 20 Which of the following not only results from greenhouse warming but also contributes to additional warming of Earth (i.e., is a positive feedback process)? | back 20 Decreased size of snowpack |
front 21 Possible effects of a warmer atmosphere include which of the following?
| back 21 I, II, and III |
front 22 In models of global warming, the most important factor contributing ot an increase in sea level is | back 22 thermal expansion of the oceans |
front 23 Based on the data in the graph, which of the following represents the approximate rate of change in Arctic sea level from 1995 to 2015? | back 23 3mm per year |
front 24 Which of the following best explains the impact of climate change on polar regions? | back 24 Polar regions are warming more quickly than other regions because warming decreases the coverage of high-albedo ground cover like ice and snow. |
front 25 Which of the following is part of a positive feedback mechanism associated with global climate change? | back 25 Melting of Arctic sea ice |
front 26 Which of the following research methods can best determine the accuracy of the drone's data? | back 26 Measurements from established sites can be compared to measurements taken by the drones in the same area. |
front 27 Based on the article, what is one assumption that can be made about the benefits of using drones to collect data on methane and melting permafrost? | back 27 Using drones can help to predict erosion hotspots can reduce the impact on coastal villages and wildlife habitat. |
front 28 Which of the following pieces of evidence from the article best supports the cause of the decrease in the Calanus population in the Gulf of Maine? | back 28 The deep-water temperature in the Gulf of Maine has increased by approximately 9°F since 2004. |
front 29 Based on the information in the article, which of the following is the most practical solution to help conservation efforts for the North Atlantic right whale? | back 29 Expand the range of conservation areas meant to protect the right whale. |
front 30 Which of the following best describes the author’s claim in the article? | back 30 The new pattern of North Atlantic right whale migration is primarily from decreased food availability and warming waters. |
front 31 Which of the following represents a positive feedback loop in the Arctic that is associated with anthropogenic climate change? | back 31 Arctic Ocean ice melts -> ocean surface water temperature increases -> more ice melts |
front 32 Based on the passage, which of the following pieces of evidence is used by the author to support the claim about hurricanes and climate change? | back 32 The oceans have absorbed 90% of the heat caused by human-generated greenhouse gases. |
front 33 Which of the following best describes the effect of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on marine organisms? | back 33 It will decrease the availability of carbonate ions in ocean water, decreasing the ability of coral to form shells. |
front 34 Which of the following best identifies a testable hypothesis for the investigation? | back 34 The decreasing pH of the ocean water will decrease the survivorship of fish. |
front 35 Which of the following best explains an anthropogenic cause of the trend illustrated on the graph? | back 35 Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations from burning of fossil fuels and vehicle emissions are contributing to ocean acidification. |
front 36 The zone in which the greatest total mass of CO2 is absorbed from the atmosphere | back 36 B |
front 37 Chemical compound responsible for ocean acidification in the open oceans of the world | back 37 Carbon dioxide (CO2) |
front 38 Which of the following best interprets the results in the graph in relation to the given hypothesis? | back 38 The results support the researchers’ hypothesis because there is a greater biodiversity at sites without cane toads. |
front 39 Population biologists are concerned about introduced species such as the zebra mussel in North America because | back 39 the introduced species compete for resources more effectively than native species |
front 40 Why do introduced species often become pests? | back 40 They displace native species. |
front 41 Reasons that the population size of an exotic species often grows rapidly when the species is introduced in a new environment include which of the following?
| back 41 II and III only |
front 42 Which of the following would likely reduce the threats posed by exotic species to native species?
Responses | back 42 I and III only |
front 43 The CITES treaty has been helpful in protecting endangered animals and plants by | back 43 listing those species and products whose international trade is controlled |
front 44 Which of the following best describes the evidence the author uses to support the claim that fireworks are one of the biggest threats to the plovers on the Fourth of July at Old Orchard Beach? | back 44 Audubon employees have found plover nests with chicks that died because parents have been scared away by the noise and light of the fireworks. |
front 45 Which of the following identifies a claim made by the author in the article? | back 45 Piping plovers are endangered in Maine because of the loss of wide, open sand and dune grass habitats that the birds use for nesting. |
front 46 The author assumes that the OOB365 group is mostly concerned about canceling the fireworks displays at Old Orchard Beach because | back 46 revenue will be lost from tourists attracted by the firework displays |
front 47 Red pine trees are currently found growing in only the cool northernmost areas of the central and eastern United States. Climate change is expected to have an impact on the distribution of the species. Which of the following describes the most likely change to the distribution of red pine over the next 200 years? | back 47 Red pine distribution will shift northward into Canada. |
front 48 The graph above shows how seed production in a plant species varied with population density in an unfragmented habitat (site A) and in a fragmented habitat (site B). Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data? | back 48 Habitat fragmentation has more effect on seed production than does population density. |
front 49 Which of the following would most likely have the greatest positive impact on the quality of the natural environment worldwide? | back 49 Stabilization or reduction of the size of the human population |
front 50 An alpine area of a national park near a trail is normally covered by plants, but much of the area is now bare soil. Park rangers suspect that trampling by hikers has killed the plants. Which of the following will best test the hypothesis? | back 50 Comparing plant survivorship in areas where hikers stay on the trail with plant survivorship in the area where hikers leave the trail |