front 1 Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill) | back 1 A federal law that provided various benefits to returning World War II veterans, including funding for education, housing, and unemployment compensation. |
front 2 Taft-Hartley Act | back 2 A 1947 U.S. federal law that restricted the activities and power of labor unions, aimed at balancing the power between labor and management. |
front 3 Levittown | back 3 A suburban development created in the 1940s and 1950s by William Levitt, known for its mass-produced affordable housing, symbolizing post-war suburbanization. |
front 4 Sun Belt | back 4 A region in the southern United States characterized by a warm climate, economic growth, and a significant population increase, especially after WWII. |
front 5 Beats | back 5 A group of American writers and artists in the 1950s who rejected conventional society and explored alternative lifestyles and artistic expressions, often associated with jazz and spontaneity. |
front 6 To Secure These Rights | back 6 A 1947 report by the President's Committee on Civil Rights that outlined the need for civil rights protections for African Americans, advocating for an end to racial discrimination. |
front 7 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas | back 7 A landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional, effectively ending racial segregation in schools. |
front 8 Montgomery Improvement Association | back 8 An organization formed in 1955 to oversee the Montgomery Bus Boycott, advocating for civil rights and desegregation in Montgomery, Alabama. |
front 9 Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) | back 9 A civil rights organization founded in 1957 that emphasized nonviolent protest and played a major role in the American civil rights movement. |
front 10 Little Rock Nine | back 10 A group of nine African American students who enrolled at Little Rock Central High School in 1957, becoming symbols of the struggle against racial segregation in public schools. |
front 11 Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) | back 11 A civil rights organization founded in 1960 that focused on direct action and grassroots organizing to promote civil rights, particularly among young people. |
front 12 Modern Republicanism | back 12 A political philosophy associated with President Dwight D. Eisenhower that emphasized a moderate approach, balancing conservative fiscal policies with social welfare. |
front 13 National Interstate and Defense Highway Act | back 13 A 1956 law that authorized the construction of a nationwide system of interstate highways, significantly impacting American transportation and suburbanization. |
front 14 Systemic Racism | back 14 A form of racism embedded in the policies, practices, and systems of institutions, resulting in discrimination and disadvantage for marginalized racial groups. |
front 15 Civil Rights Movement | back 15 A decades-long struggle by African Americans and their allies to end racial discrimination and secure equal rights under the law, particularly during the 1950s and 1960s. |