front 1 agoraphobia | back 1 fear of being outside; from the Greek fear of the marketplace |
front 2 anxiety | back 2 a vague feeling of dread or apprehension; it is a response to external or internal stimuli that can have behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms |
front 3 anxiety disorders | back 3 a group of conditions that share a key feature of excessive anxiety, with ensuing behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and physiological responses |
front 4 assertiveness training | back 4 techniques using statements to identify feelings and communicate needs and concerns to others; helps the person negotiate interpersonal situations, fosters self-assurance, and ultimately assists the person to take more control over life situations |
front 5 avoidance behavior | back 5 behavior designed to avoid unpleasant consequences or potentially threatening situations |
front 6 decatastrophizing | back 6 a technique that involves learning to assess situations realistically rather than always assuming a catastrophe will happen |
front 7 defense mechanisms | back 7 cognitive distortions that a person uses unconsciously to maintain a sense of being in control of a situation, to lessen discomfort, and to deal with stress; also called ego defense mechanisms |
front 8 fear | back 8 feeling afraid or threatened by a clearly identifiable, external stimulus that represents danger to the person |
front 9 flooding | back 9 a form of rapid desensitization in which a behavioral therapist confronts the client with the phobic object (either a picture or the actual object) until it no longer produces anxiety |
front 10 mild anxiety | back 10 a sensation that something is different and warrants special attention |
front 11 moderate anxiety | back 11 the disturbing feeling that something is definitely wrong; the person becomes nervous or agitated |
front 12 panic anxiety | back 12 intense anxiety, may be a response to a life-threatening situation |
front 13 panic attacks | back 13 between 15 and 30 minutes of rapid, intense, escalating anxiety in which the person experiences great emotional fear as well as physiological discomfort |
front 14 panic disorder | back 14 composed of discrete episodes of panic attacks, that is, 15 to 30 minutes of rapid, intense, escalating anxiety in which the person experiences great emotional fear as well as physiological discomfort |
front 15 phobia | back 15 an illogical, intense, and persistent fear of a specific object or social situation that causes extreme distress and interferes with normal functioning |
front 16 positive reframing | back 16 a cognitive–behavioral technique involving turning negative messages into positive ones |
front 17 primary gain | back 17 the relief of anxiety achieved by performing the specific anxiety-driven behavior; the direct internal benefits that being sick provides, such as relief of anxiety, conflict, or distress |
front 18 secondary gain | back 18 the external benefits received from others because one is sick, such as attention from family members, comfort measures, and being excused from usual responsibilities or tasks |
front 19 severe anxiety | back 19 an increased level of anxiety when more primitive survival skills take over, defensive responses ensue, and cognitive skills decrease significantly; person with severe anxiety has trouble thinking and reasoning |
front 20 stress | back 20 the wear and tear that life causes on the body |
front 21 Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) | back 21 tool used to screen for symptoms of movement disorders (side effects of neuroleptic medications) |
front 22 Alogia | back 22 a lack of any real meaning or substance in what the client says |
front 23 Anhedonia | back 23 having no pleasure or joy in life; losing any sense of pleasure from activities formerly enjoyed |
front 24 Avolition | back 24 absence of will, ambition, or drive to take action or accomplish tasks |
front 25 Catatonia | back 25 psychomotor disturbance, either motionless or excessive motor |
front 26 Command hallucinations | back 26 disturbed auditory sensory perceptions demanding that the client take action, often to harm self or others, and are considered dangerous; often referred to as “voices” |
front 27 Cultural concepts of distress | back 27 ways in which people experience distress in the context of their lives and surroundings |
front 28 Delusions | back 28 a fixed, false belief not based in reality |
front 29 Dystonic reactions | back 29 (definition not provided — you may want to supply this) |
front 30 Echolalia | back 30 repetition or imitation of what someone else says; echoing what is heard |
front 31 Echopraxia | back 31 imitation of the movements and gestures of someone an individual is observing |
front 32 Idioms of distress | back 32 how people communicate distress to one another |
front 33 Latency of response | back 33 refers to hesitation before the client responds to questions |
front 34 Neuroleptics | back 34 also known as neuroleptics; used to treat the symptoms of psychosis such as the delusions and hallucinations seen in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and the manic phase of bipolar disorder |
front 35 Polydipsia | back 35 excessive water intake |
front 36 Psychosis | back 36 cluster of symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, and grossly disordered thinking and behavior |
front 37 Anergia | back 37 lack of energy |
front 38 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | back 38 used to treat depression in select groups such as clients who do not respond to antidepressants or those who experience intolerable medication side effects at therapeutic doses |
front 39 Euthymic | back 39 normal or level mood |
front 40 Hypertensive crisis | back 40 a life-threatening condition that can result when a client taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) ingests tyramine-containing foods and fluids or other medications |
front 41 Hypomania | back 41 a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting 4 days; does not impair the ability to function and does not involve psychotic features |
front 42 Kindling | back 42 the snowball-like effect seen when a minor seizure activity seems to build up into more frequent and severe seizures |
front 43 Labile emotions | back 43 rapid and extreme mood changes |
front 44 Mania | back 44 a distinct period during which mood is abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable |
front 45 Mood disorders | back 45 pervasive alterations in emotions that are manifested by depression or mania or both |
front 46 Pressured speech | back 46 unrelenting, rapid, often loud talking without pauses |
front 47 Psychomotor agitation | back 47 increased body movements and thoughts |
front 48 Ruminate | back 48 to think repeatedly or dwell on negative thoughts or problems |
front 49 Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | back 49 mood disorder with two subtypes; in one, most commonly called winter depression or fall-onset SAD, people experience increased sleep, appetite, and carbohydrate cravings; weight gain; interpersonal conflict; irritability; and heaviness in the extremities beginning in late autumn and abating in spring and summer; the other subtype, called spring-onset SAD, is less common and includes symptoms of insomnia, weight loss, and poor appetite lasting from late spring or early summer until early fall |
front 50 Suicidal ideation | back 50 thinking about killing oneself |
front 51 Suicide | back 51 the intentional act of killing oneself |
front 52 Suicide precautions | back 52 removal of harmful items; increased supervision to prevent acts of self-harm |
front 53 Antisocial personality disorder | back 53 characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others and with the central characteristics of deceit and manipulation |
front 54 Avoidant personality disorder | back 54 characterized by a pervasive pattern of social discomfort and reticence, low self-esteem, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation |
front 55 Borderline personality disorder (BPD) | back 55 pervasive and enduring pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect; marked impulsivity; frequent self-mutilation behavior |
front 56 Character | back 56 consists of concepts about the self and the external world |
front 57 Cognitive restructuring | back 57 therapy that focuses on changing the way one thinks about or interprets one’s self, relationships, and/or environment |
front 58 Confrontation | back 58 technique designed to highlight the incongruence between a person’s verbalizations and actual behavior; used to manage manipulative or deceptive behavior |
front 59 Decatastrophizing | back 59 a technique that involves learning to assess situations realistically rather than always assuming a catastrophe will happen |
front 60 Dependent personality disorder | back 60 characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, which leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation |
front 61 Depressive behavior | back 61 characterized by a pervasive pattern of depressive cognitions and behaviors in various contexts |
front 62 Dysphoric | back 62 mood that involves unhappiness, restlessness, and malaise |
front 63 Histrionic personality disorder | back 63 characterized by a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking |
front 64 Limit setting | back 64 an effective technique that involves three steps: stating the behavioral limit (describing the unacceptable behavior), identifying the consequences if the limit is exceeded, and identifying the expected or desired behavior |
front 65 Narcissistic personality disorder | back 65 characterized by a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy |
front 66 Nonsuicidal self injury | back 66 intentional physical damage to the body, such as cutting or burning; results from self-harm urges or thoughts; injury is not an attempt at suicide |
front 67 Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder | back 67 characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with perfectionism, mental and interpersonal control, and orderliness at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency |
front 68 Paranoid personality disorder | back 68 characterized by pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others |
front 69 Passive | back 69 aggressive behavior - characterized by a negative attitude and a pervasive pattern of passive resistance to demands for adequate social and occupational performance |
front 70 Personality | back 70 an ingrained, enduring pattern of behaving and relating to self, others, and the environment; includes perceptions, attitudes, and emotions |
front 71 Personality disorders | back 71 diagnosed when personality traits become inflexible and maladaptive and significantly interfere with how a person functions in society or cause the person emotional distress |
front 72 Positive self talk | back 72 a cognitive–behavioral technique in which the client changes thinking about the self from negative to positive |
front 73 Schema therapy | back 73 designed to help one deal with unmet emotional needs and identify the thought and behavior patterns that perpetuate their emotional distress and dysfunction |
front 74 Schizoid personality disorder | back 74 characterized by a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression in interpersonal settings |
front 75 Schizotypal personality disorder | back 75 characterized by a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and behavioral eccentricities |
front 76 Temperament | back 76 refers to the biologic processes of sensation, association, and motivation that underlie the integration of skills and habits based on emotion |
front 77 Thought stopping | back 77 a cognitive–behavioral technique to alter the process of negative or self-critical thought patterns |
front 78 Time | back 78 out - retreat to a neutral place to give the opportunity to regain self-control |
front 79 Alexithymia | back 79 difficulty identifying and expressing feelings |
front 80 Anorexia nervosa | back 80 an eating disorder characterized by the client’s refusal or inability to maintain a minimally normal body weight, intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, significantly disturbed perception of the shape or size of the body, and steadfast inability or refusal to acknowledge the existence or seriousness of a problem |
front 81 Binge eating | back 81 consuming a large amount of food (far greater than most people eat at one time) in a discrete period of usually 2 hours or less |
front 82 Body image | back 82 how a person perceives their body, that is, a mental self-image |
front 83 Body image disturbance | back 83 occurs when there is an extreme discrepancy between one’s body image and the perceptions of others and extreme dissatisfaction with one’s body image |
front 84 Bulimia nervosa | back 84 an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes (at least twice a week for 3 months) of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to avoid weight gain such as purging (self-induced vomiting or use of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, or emetics), fasting, or excessively exercising |
front 85 Enmeshment | back 85 lack of clear role boundaries between persons |
front 86 Orthorexia nervosa | back 86 pathological obsession with healthy eating or a “pure” diet; dedication to extreme diets, often to the detriment of health |
front 87 Pica | back 87 persistent ingestion of nonnutritive substances such as paint, hair, cloth, leaves, sand, clay, or soil |
front 88 Purging | back 88 compensatory behaviors designed to eliminate food by means of self-induced vomiting |
front 89 Rumination | back 89 repeatedly going over the same thoughts |
front 90 Satiety | back 90 satisfaction of appetite |
front 91 Self monitoring | back 91 a cognitive–behavioral technique designed to help clients manage their own behavior |
front 92 Cyberchondria | back 92 excessive or repeated online searches for health-related information that is distressing or anxiety-provoking for the person |
front 93 Disease conviction | back 93 preoccupation with the fear that one has a serious disease |
front 94 Disease phobia | back 94 preoccupation with the fear that one will get a serious disease |
front 95 Emotion | back 95 focused coping strategies - techniques to assist clients to relax and reduce feelings of stress |
front 96 Fabricated or induced illness | back 96 factitious disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are feigned or inflicted on one’s self or another person for the sole purpose of gaining attention or other emotional benefits; also called factitious disorder, imposed on self or others |
front 97 Factitious disorder, imposed on self or others | back 97 see fabricated or induced illness |
front 98 Functional neurological symptom disorder | back 98 previously called conversion disorder or reaction; involves unexplained, usually sudden deficits in sensory or motor function related to an emotional conflict the client experiences but does not handle directly |
front 99 Functional somatic syndrome | back 99 physical symptoms and limitations of function that have no medical diagnosis to explain their existence. See medically unexplained illness (MUS) |
front 100 Hypochondriasis | back 100 see illness anxiety disorder |
front 101 Hysteria | back 101 refers to multiple, recurrent physical complaints with no organic basis |
front 102 Illness anxiety disorder | back 102 preoccupation with the fear that one has a serious disease or will get a serious disease; also called hypochondriasis |
front 103 Internalization | back 103 keeping stress, anxiety, or frustration inside rather than expressing them outwardly |
front 104 La belle indifférence | back 104 a seeming lack of concern or distress; a key feature of functional neurological symptom disorder |
front 105 Malingering | back 105 the intentional production of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms |
front 106 Medically unexplained symptoms | back 106 physical symptoms and limitations of function that have no medical diagnosis to explain their existence. See functional somatic syndrome |
front 107 Munchausen syndrome | back 107 a factitious disorder where the person intentionally causes injury or physical symptoms to self to gain attention and sympathy from health care providers, family, and others |
front 108 Munchausen syndrome by proxy | back 108 when a person inflicts illness or injury on someone else to gain the attention of emergency medical personnel or to be a hero for “saving” the victim |
front 109 Pain disorder | back 109 has the primary physical symptom of pain, which generally is unrelieved by analgesics and greatly affected by psychological factors in terms of onset, severity, exacerbation, and maintenance |
front 110 Problem focused coping strategies | back 110 techniques used to resolve or change a person’s behavior or situation or to manage life stressors |
front 111 Psychosomatic | back 111 used to convey the connection between the mind (psyche) and the body (soma) in states of health and illness |
front 112 Somatic symptom disorder | back 112 characterized by multiple, recurrent physical symptoms in a variety of bodily systems that have no organic or medical basis; also called somatization disorder |
front 113 Somatization | back 113 the transference of mental experiences and states into bodily symptoms |