front 1 40%DNA and 60%protein structures carrying genetic information in the form of genes; coiled up chromatin | back 1 chromosome |
front 2 protein balls found in chromatin that DNA wraps around to give it structure | back 2 Histones |
front 3 one long half of a duplicated chromosome (X), sisters | back 3 chromatid |
front 4 the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division (holds sister chromatids together) | back 4 centromere |
front 5 a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds (2 out of 46 X's) | back 5 sex chromosomes |
front 6 any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (44 out of 46 X's) | back 6 autosomes |
front 7 chromosome pairs, one from each parent, that are similar in length, gene position, and centromere location | back 7 homologous chromosomes (homologs) |
front 8 a picture of all the paired up chromosomes in size order (sex chromosomes last, bottom right) | back 8 karyotype |
front 9 containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, body cell (somatic) | back 9 diploid |
front 10 having a single set of unpaired chromosomes, sex cell (gamete) | back 10 haploid |
front 11 a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes, to split into two cells, a type of mitosis | back 11 binary fission |
front 12 a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, makes body cells | back 12 mitosis |
front 13 proteins that aids DNA in function ex. DNA helicase | back 13 nonhistones |
front 14 a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, production of gametes and plant spores | back 14 meiosis |
front 15 sex cell; an egg or a sperm cell | back 15 gamete |
front 16 the resting phase between mitotic divisions of a cell, includes G1, S, G2 | back 16 interphase |
front 17 the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells (cell plate or cleavage furrow formations) | back 17 cytokinesis |
front 18 the first stage of cell division, 1. chromatin coils up into condensed chromosomes 2. nuclear envelope disappears 3. centrioles move away from each other 4. centrioles start shooting out spindle fibers | back 18 prophase |
front 19 microtubules (protein tubes) that push and pull chromosomes during cell division | back 19 spindle fibers |
front 20 the second stage of cell division, chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers and are moved along equator of cell | back 20 metaphase |
front 21 third stage of cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles being pulled by the spindle fibers | back 21 anaphase |
front 22 the final phase of cell division, 1. the chromosomes unwind back into chromatin 2. two nuclei are reformed 3. centriole pair move back together 4. spindle fibers disintegrate | back 22 telophase |
front 23 a line that develops at the midpoint between the two groups of chromosomes in a dividing plant cell, turns into a cell wall; during cytokinesis | back 23 cell plate |
front 24 "long and thin", unwound chromosomes, wound-up DNA around histones | back 24 chromatin |
front 25 first part of interphase, when baby cell grows in size | back 25 G1 stage |
front 26 only sometimes between G1 and S stages; when cell freezes growth and development (so if you damage this cell, there's no fixing it) | back 26 G0 stage |
front 27 last part of interphase; when cell prepares to divide | back 27 G2 stage |
front 28 middle part of interphase; when cell replicates its DNA (helicase, polymerase, ligase...etc); longest period in cell cycle | back 28 S stage |
front 29 mitotic division; mitosis; when cell divides by P, M, A, T; last part of cell cycle | back 29 M stage |
front 30 area around spindle fibers; especially in plant cells | back 30 centrosome |
front 31 pair of star-like structures in animal cells that shoot out spindle fibers | back 31 centrioles |
front 32 spindle fibers connected to the centromeres that push and pull chromosome X's | back 32 kinetichore fibers |
front 33 spindle fibers connected to centrioles (at the poles) that are shot out | back 33 polar fibers |
front 34 pinching in of animal cells during cytokinesis to split the cells into two | back 34 cleavage furrow |
front 35 a body cell | back 35 somatic |