front 1 Degree to which individuals in a population associate | back 1 Sociality |
front 2 Degrees of Sociality: solitary behavior | back 2 interactions limited to competition and copulation |
front 3 Degrees of Sociality: Subsocial behavior | back 3 Protect/feed their offspring leave before offspring become adults |
front 4 Degrees of Sociality: Eusociality (highest degree of social organization) categorized by three traits: | back 4 1. Cooperative care of young |
front 5 Social Adult Females Hymenoptera are | back 5 holometabolous larvae rarely contribute to colony welfare superorganism |
front 6 Social Bees are what? | back 6 1000 species of Apoid bees that are eusocial highly social = honeybees Primitively eusocial: bumblebees and sweat bees |
front 7 Apis mellifera is most known for | back 7 social insect (honeybee) |
front 8 Ants are known for | back 8 25% of terrestrial animal biomass Exclusively eusocial |
front 9 Superorganism | back 9 Individual functions as part of a colony, |
front 10 Superorganism: Environemental success is a result of | back 10 cooperative group behavior |
front 11 Evolution of Eusociality: Eusocial colonies have a | back 11 solitary common ancestor |
front 12 Evolution of Eusocial Behavior A critical transition from subsocial to eusocial involved to transition to | back 12 nonreproductive castes |
front 13 Evolution of Eusocial Behavior Sterile indivduals are altrustic sacrifice their | back 13 reproductive ability to benefit the colony - act on inclusive fitness |
front 14 Inclusive fitness | back 14 ability to pass genes on to next generation including shared genes passed on by relatives |
front 15 Why be Eusocial | back 15 Safety and the numbers |
front 16 Caste System:Queen Characteristics | back 16 - functional reproductive female - larger than workers with long abdomen - pheromones to prevent production of another queen - Spermatheca capable of storing sperm for her entire life |
front 17 Division of labor Caste systems are dependent on this | back 17 colony size which is an important attribute of evolution of behavior and labor |
front 18 Caste system: Drones Characteristics | back 18 - Males are sexual forms not caste - winged with a developed thorax and compound eye - Fed by workers; dont work - Haploid |
front 19 Caste System: Workers Characteristics | back 19 - numerous members - divided into subcastes based on size - sterile females with no ovarioles(wings/flight muscles) |
front 20 Monomorphic Workers | back 20 not specialized to do specific tasks |
front 21 Polymorphic workers | back 21 variation of different sizes that exist in the same colony |
front 22 Temporal Castes Plasticity where workers revert task based on | back 22 colony need |
front 23 Temporal Castes More Characteristics: | back 23 Division of labor within workers consistent with aging Progress from tasks inside nest to outside |
front 24 Evolution of Eusociality Signals | back 24
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front 25 Hamiltons Rule & Kin Selection Altruistic allele (drive for eusocial behavior) could increase in frequency if the condition were satisfied: | back 25 rB>C - genes increase in frequency = genetic relatedness B = benefit to recipient C = Cost to actor r = relationship coefficient of relatedness between B & C |
front 26 Hamiltons Rule & Kin Selection Proposed two mechanisms for kin selection | back 26 1. Kin recognition allows individuals ability to identify
relatives |
front 27 Kin Selection Acts on inclusive fitness explained by | back 27 Son share 50% mother genes Daughters share 50% mothers' genes Sisters share 75% of genetic material |
front 28 Kin Selection: Haplodiploidy Charactersitcs | back 28 - mating system - eggs develop into females and unfertilized into males - females are dip and males hap |
front 29 Relatedness The assumption that was needed for kin selection | back 29 high degree of relatedness - ecological parameters should be measured high relatedness = participate in altruism |