front 1 Ecosystem | back 1 A community of living organisms that live and interact within a specific environment |
front 2 Ecozone | back 2 Distinct geographic area with specific groups of organisms living together; distinct biomes |
front 3 Ecotone | back 3 Where two ecozones overlap; an area of ecozone transition |
front 4 Paleoenvironment | back 4 Past environmental system |
front 5 Paleoclimate | back 5 Past climate system |
front 6 Environmental Archaeology | back 6 focuses on the interaction between humans and their natural environment |
front 7 Julian Steward's Take – Cultural Ecology | back 7 - cultures in similar environments have similar adaptive
mechanisms |
front 8 Karl Butzer's Take – Human Ecology | back 8 - interaction between human and non-human communities is
unavoidable |
front 9 Michael Schiffer's Take – Formation Processes | back 9 - Relationship between the cultural and natural formation
processes |
front 10 Foraminifera | back 10 A type of single celled organism that can offer insights into coastal environmental formations from their fossilized presence in the area. |
front 11 Ocean Oxygen Isotope Analysis | back 11 Testing for the presence of heavier oxygen isotopes can give insights into paleoclimatological ocean conditions. As the top layer of the ocean freezes during an ice age, concentrations of heavier oxygen in the bottom portions of the ocean increase. |
front 12 Ice cores | back 12 Can give insights into paleoclimatology that has been frozen in time |
front 13 Saw Tooth curve | back 13 a graph that depicts period in time of mass cooling and warming shown through the presence of oxygen isotopes in ice core samples |
front 14 Current glacial period | back 14 Quaternary Ice Age, beginning about 12,000 years ago |
front 15 Last Glacial period | back 15 Pleistocene Ice age |
front 16 Terraced Slope | back 16 A stair-like formation |
front 17 Soil Horizon | back 17 A superpositionary system of describing the depths of soil layer types |
front 18 O Soil Horizon | back 18 Mostly organic top soil (Humus) |
front 19 A Soil Horizon | back 19 Top soil comprising of minerals with organics incorporated |
front 20 B Soil Horizon | back 20 Sub Soil |
front 21 C Soil Horizon | back 21 Parent Material |
front 22 4 physical evidences of past environments | back 22 - Deep sea testing and Ice cores - Sea level changes - Formations of glaciers, varves, rivers, and caves - Sediment and soil features |
front 23 4 biological evidences of past environments | back 23 - Dendrochronological features - Micro and macro plant remains - Micro and macro animal remains - Human activities |
front 24 Phytoliths | back 24 Micro-Botanical remain: mineral deposits sometimes formed in plant tissues that persist after it dies |