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nutrition vocab

front 1 Basal Metabolic Rate	back 1 the rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to keep vital functions going, such as breathing and keeping warm.
front 2 Calories	back 2 a unit of energy equivalent to the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C (now often defined as equal to 4.1868 joules).
front 3 Carbohydrates	back 3 any of a large group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose, containing hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and used as structural materials and for energy storage within living tissues."water-soluble carbohydrates"
front 4 Cholesterol	back 4 a compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues. Cholesterol and its derivatives are important constituents of cell membranes and precursors of other steroid compounds, but a high proportion in the blood of low-density lipoprotein (which transports cholesterol to the tissues) is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease.

front 5 Diabetes	back 5 Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels. It occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin, does not use insulin effectively, or both.
front 6 Dietary Fiber	back 6 Dietary fiber is a non-digestible carbohydrate found in plants
front 7 Digestive system	back 7 The digestive system is a complex network of organs and glands that processes food, extracting nutrients and energy while eliminating waste products.
front 8 Electrolytes	back 8 a liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis, e.g., that present in a battery.

front 9 Fats	back 9 a natural oily or greasy substance occurring in animal bodies, especially when deposited as a layer under the skin or around certain organs.
front 10 Macronutrients	back 10 a type of food (e.g. fat, protein, carbohydrate) required in large amounts in the diet.
front 11 Metabolism	back 11 the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
front 12 Micronutrients	back 12 a chemical element or substance required in trace amounts for the normal growth and development of living organisms.

front 13 Minerals	back 13 a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence.
front 14 Nutrients	back 14 a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.
front 15 Protein	back 15 any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.
front 16 Saturated Fat	back 16 a type of fat containing a high proportion of fatty acid molecules without double bonds, considered to be less healthy in the diet than unsaturated fat.

front 17 Trans Fat	back 17 another term for trans-fatty acid.
front 18 Unsaturated Fat	back 18 a type of fat containing a high proportion of fatty acid molecules with at least one double bond, considered to be healthier in the diet than saturated fat.
front 19 Vitamins	back 19 any of a group of organic compounds which are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body.
front 20 Water	back 20 a colorless, transparent, odorless liquid that forms the seas, lakes, rivers, and rain and is the basis of the fluids of living organisms.