front 1 a form of applied genetics in which scientists directly manipulate genes | back 1 Genetic engineering |
front 2 technology involved in genetic engineering | back 2 DNA technology |
front 3 a protein that recognizes specific sequences in a DNA molecule and cuts it into pieces | back 3 restriction enzyme |
front 4 the single-stranded end of a double-ended DNA fragment that can form base pairs with another sticky end of a DNA fragment cut by the same enzyme | back 4 sticky end |
front 5 a carrier used to clone a gene and transfer it from one organism to another | back 5 cloning vector |
front 6 a single ring of extrachromosomal DNA in a bacteria | back 6 plasmid |
front 7 a protein hormone that lowers the blood glucose level that can be made by transgenic bacteria | back 7 insulin |
front 8 a DNA segment that has been manipulated (inserted, deleted, or replaced a gene) | back 8 Recombinant DNA (rDNA) |
front 9 a host organism that has received recombinant DNA | back 9 transgenic organism |
front 10 a pattern of bands made up of specific fragments from an individual's DNA | back 10 DNA fingerprint |
front 11 restriction fragment length polymorphism; the method for preparing a DNA fingerprint | back 11 RFLP analysis |
front 12 technique used to separate nucleic acids or proteins by size and charge | back 12 gel electrophoresis |
front 13 technique used to quickly make many copies of selected segments of DNA | back 13 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
front 14 temporary sequence of RNA required for the initiation of DNA synthesis | back 14 primer |
front 15 An international collaborative effort to map and sequence the DNA of the entire human genome. | back 15 Human Genome Project |
front 16 treatment of a genetic disorder by introducing a healthy gene into a cell | back 16 gene therapy |
front 17 use of computer databases to organize and analyze biological data | back 17 bioinformatics |
front 18 the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change (like manipulating histone proteins or RNA instead) | back 18 Epigenetics |
front 19 Body cells that have been genetically altered such that they become pluripotent (reverted back into stem cells) | back 19 iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) |
front 20 a gene-editing technique from a bacterial system that can be used either to produce a mutation in a specific gene or to correct a mutation (it cuts a target gene and replaces it with a "good" gene) | back 20 CRISPR/Cas9 |
front 21 process of wrapping DNA around stirring rod to further analyze it after extraction | back 21 spooling |
front 22 process of taking DNA out of cells | back 22 DNA extraction |
front 23 the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule | back 23 DNA sequencing |
front 24 the study of morality with issues related to DNA technology | back 24 Bioethics |
front 25 An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced | back 25 clone |
front 26 number of base pairs in the human genome | back 26 3 billion |
front 27 number of genes in the human genome | back 27 25,000 |
front 28 number of chromosomes in a human body cell | back 28 46 |
front 29 the process of cutting DNA (removing introns and reconnecting exons in a pre-mRNA) | back 29 Splicing |
front 30 An example of a restriction enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA | back 30 nuclease |
front 31 crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods | back 31 GMOs |
front 32 a form of artificial production in which the branch of one plant is inserted into the stem of another plant (not GM) | back 32 grafting |
front 33 Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits (not GM) | back 33 artificial selection |
front 34 the turning on and off of genes | back 34 gene regulation (expression) |
front 35 a group of genes that operate together for gene regulation; ex. the lac _________ | back 35 operon |
front 36 short DNA region, next to the promoter of a prokaryotic operon, that either binds to a repressor or allows transcription to happen | back 36 operator |
front 37 binds to an operator and physically blocks RNA polymerase from binding to a promoter site and doing transcription | back 37 repressor |
front 38 the genetic system that controls the metabolism of lactose in bacteria | back 38 lac operon |
front 39 region of DNA that indicates to RNA polymerase where to start transcribing a protein | back 39 promoter |
front 40 protein balls which DNA is tightly coiled around in chromatin | back 40 histones |
front 41 all of an organism's genetic material | back 41 genome |