front 1 Conformity | back 1 The altering of one's behaviors and opinions to match those of other people or to match other people's expectations |
front 2 Normative influence | back 2 The tendency for people to conform in order to fit in with the group |
front 3 Informational influence | back 3 The tendency for people to conform when they assume that the behavior of other represent the correct way to respond |
front 4 Social Norm | back 4 Expected standard of conduct that influence behavior |
front 5 Autokinetic effect | back 5 The power of conformity in social judgment People have no frame of reference and therefore cannot correct for small eye movements, in a dark environment |
front 6 Factors affecting conformity | back 6 People tend to conform to social harm |
front 7 Obedience | back 7 Following the orders of a person of authority Ordinary people may do horrible things when ordered to do so by an authority |
front 8 Aggression | back 8 Any behavior that involved the intent to harm another associated with several situational factors When people feel socially rejected |
front 9 Biological Factors | back 9 Aggression is caused by a blend of social, situational, and biological |
front 10 social and cultural factors | back 10 Cultures of honor
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front 11 prosocial behaviors | back 11 Action that benefits others, such as doing favors or helping |
front 12 Altruism | back 12 Providing help when is needed, without any apparent reward for doing so |
front 13 Inclusive fitness | back 13 an explanation for altruism that focuses on the adaptive benefit of transmitting genes such as through kin selection, rather than focusing on individual survival |
front 14 Bystander intervention effective | back 14 the failure to offer help by those who observe someone in need when there are people present |
front 15 Diffusion of responsibility | back 15 Bystanders expect other bystanders to help |
front 16 social blunders | back 16 inadvertent violations of normative standard of behaviors |
front 17 mere exposure effect | back 17 The idea that greater exposure to a stimulus leads to greater liking for it |
front 18 attitude accessibility | back 18 refers to the ease or difficulty that person has in retrieving an attitude from memory |
front 19 explicit attitudes | back 19 attitudes that a person can report |
front 20 implicit attitudes | back 20 Attitudes that influence a person's feeling and behavior at an unconscious level |
front 21 Insufficient Justification | back 21 one way to get people to change their attitudes is to change their behaviors first, using as few incentives as possible |
front 22 post decisional dissonance | back 22 Motives the decision |
front 23 Cognitive dissonance | back 23 to the unpleasant feeling that arises when there is a discrepancy between our attitudes and our behaviors |
front 24 persuasion | back 24 The active and conscious effect to change an attitude through the transmission of a message |
front 25 elaboration likelihood model | back 25 the idea that a persuasive message leads to attitude changes in either of two way: 1. via the central route
2. Via the peripheral route
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front 26 compliance | back 26 The tendency to agree to doing things requested by others |
front 27 Foot-in-door technique | back 27 If people agree to small request, they become more likely to do large request |
front 28 Door in the face | back 28 If you refuse a large request, you are more likely to do small request |
front 29 Low-balling | back 29 you agree to buy a product for a certain price you are likely to comply with a request to pay more for the product |
front 30 Non verbal behavior | back 30 The facial expressions, gestures, mannerisms. and movement by which one communicates with others
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front 31 Attibutions | back 31 People's explanations for why events or actions occur |
front 32 Personal attributions | back 32 explanation of people's behavior that refers to their internal characteristics such as abilities traits moods or efforts |
front 33 Situational attributions | back 33 explanation of people's behaviors that refer to external events such as the weather, luck, accidents or other people's actions |
front 34 Fundamental attribution error | back 34 In explaining other people's behavior, the tendency to over emphasize personality traits and underestimate situational factors |
front 35 Actor/Observer discrepancy | back 35 the tendency to focus on a situation to explain one own behavior but to focus and distortions to explain other people's behavior |
front 36 illusory correlations | back 36 a result of directed attention and memory biases |
front 37 subtyping | back 37 when people encounter someone who does not fit a stereotype, so they put them in a category |
front 38 Stereotype threat | back 38 Fear or concern about confirming negative stereotypes related to one's own group which in turn impairs perform a on a task |
front 39 perspective taking | back 39 Actively contemplating the psychological experiences of other people |
front 40 perspective giving | back 40 In which people share their experiences of being targets of discrimination |
front 41 Ingroups | back 41 Those groups to which particular people belong |
front 42 Outgroups | back 42 Those to which they do not belong |
front 43 Reciprocity (how do people organize themselves) | back 43 People treat others as others treat them |
front 44 Transitivity | back 44 People generally share their friends' opinions of other people |
front 45 Outgroup homogeneity effect | back 45 The tendency to view outgroup members as less varied than in-group members EXAMPLE: I see white people as they are all the same, but that's because I'm not white while I see Hispanics as different |
front 46 Social Identity Theory | back 46 The idea that ingroup consists of categories and experience pride through their group membership EXAMPLE: pride for my school |
front 47 Ingroup favoritism | back 47 The tendency for people to evaluate favorably and privilege members of the ingroup more than members of the outgroup |
front 48 Prefrontal cortex | back 48 The middle of the pre-frontal cortex is important for thinking of other people active with ingroup members less active with outgroup members |
front 49 Risky-shift effect | back 49 Groups often make risker decisions than individuals do |
front 50 Group polarization | back 50 The process by which initial attitudes of groups become more extreme over time |
front 51 Group think | back 51 The tendency of a group to make a bad decision as a result of preserving the group and maintaining its cohesiveness, especially likely when the group is under intense pressure, is facing external threats, and is based in a particular direction |
front 52 Social facilitation | back 52 The idea that the presence of others generally enhances performance |
front 53 Social loafing | back 53 The tendency for people to work less hard in a group than when working alone |
front 54 Deindividuation | back 54 A state of reduced individuality reduced self-awareness and reduced attention to personal standards |