front 1 Emotion | back 1 Motivates us to do things with ourselves, and helps us make decisions |
front 2 The case of Elliot | back 2 He had a tumor in the ventromedial pre-frontal cortex The damage that occurred was:
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front 3 Evolution of emotion | back 3 Allows us to meet some challenges in living, drive behaviors, set priorities/goals Example: When infants smile when they are dreaming and alone in the room and it does something new |
front 4 Test of Cross-Cultural Consistency | back 4 He worked with very remote people and brought them photos of people in the United States smiling He found that mostly most emotions are universal and consistent It was concluded that most facial recognition is the same cross-cultural |
front 5 Basic/Primary Emotions | back 5 A small number of primary emotions are universal Example: Happy/joy, disgust, sadness, surprise, anger, fear |
front 6 Secondary Emotions | back 6 Are a mix of primary emotions |
front 7 Smiles | back 7 Are universal even in non-human primates Duchene smile (real smile) |
front 8 Formula for emotions | back 8 Physiological activation/arousal Expressive behaviors/cultural cues Conscious experience/cognitive label |
front 9 James-Lange Theory | back 9 Your cognitive/conscious response follows your physiological response Example:
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front 10 Challenges to James-Lange Theory | back 10 Physiological reactions to different emotions are too similar A lot of our reactions are non-specific Some physiological responses happen too slowly to activate sudden emotions |
front 11 Were James and Lange all wrong? | back 11 There are subtle differences among physiological response "fake it till you make it" Facial feedback |
front 12 Facial Feedback | back 12 This is when you make yourself smile until you make yourself happy Makes you shift your room |
front 13 Cannon-Bard Theory | back 13 Proposed that both responses occur simultaneously and relatively independently |
front 14 Schacter Theory | back 14 Emotional stimuli result in general physiological arousal We interpret that arousal-make a cognitive appraisal and label the emotions The idea of putting a label on the emotion |
front 15 Shaky bridge study (Schacter Theory) | back 15
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front 16 Misattribution of Arousal | back 16 That physical state caused by a situation can be attributed to the wrong emotions |
front 17 Physiological Arousal | back 17 Intensifies almost any emotion Same with music |
front 18 Yerkes-Dodson Law | back 18 For most tasks what oyu want is a medium level of arousal
The completlity it is to a task you want to do want a lower arousal |
front 19 Happiness | back 19 Feel good, do good When you are in a good mood you are nicer to other people |
front 20 Measuring Happiness | back 20 1. Life satisfaction 2. Ladder measure 3. Positive and negative emotions |
front 21 Things that don't affect happiness | back 21 Young people are usually unhappy compared to older intelligence would make you feel more positive having kids makes you less happy being attractive will make you mid with happiness Money |
front 22 The complexity of the money/happiness link | back 22 Lottery winners the U.S hasn't gotten happier People in wealthy nations are, on average happier than those in poor nations Scandinavian countries are happier because they have universal healthcare |
front 23 The Danish Effect | back 23 Scandinavian countries are happier because they have the ability to psychologically care for citizens at every income level |
front 24 2010 study: Daily experiences of happiness | back 24 money will bring you more positive emotion up until a point the topped out which is around $75,000, and you level off again More recent (and bigger data using experiences sampling (done on your phone and a survey) did not find a limit after which money stopped increasing daily happiness |
front 25 Us Household income and specific | back 25 Those in higher social classes report experiencing more self-oriented positive emotions:
Those in lower social classes report experiencing more other-oriented positive emotion:
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front 26 Hedonic Adaption | back 26 This is when you adapt to pleasure Example:
Which is why we have a hard getting happier |
front 27 What predicts happiness? | back 27 personality
Work Gratitude Social connections/relationships Religiosity/purpose/meaning |
front 28 Circumplex model | back 28 Emotions are plotted among two continuums: 1. Valence
2. Arousal
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front 29 Limbic System | back 29 Means of directly linking brain areas to specific emotional functions In the Insula and the Amygdala Prefrontal Cortex |
front 30 Insula | back 30 Receives and integrates somatosensory signals from the entire body |
front 31 Processes facial expresssion | back 31 The amygdala processes the emotional significance of stimuli, and it generates immediate emotional and behavioral reactions It involves a circuit that has developed throughout evolution to protect animals from dangerous Most important to emotional learning Information reaches the amygdala along two separate pathways |
front 32 polygraph test | back 32 Lie detecting test Determines a person's level of emotions as indicated by automatic arousal, when confronted with central information Emotions will cause arousal |
front 33 Suppression | back 33 People attempt not to respond at all to the emotional stimulus This often leads to the rebound effect |
front 34 Rebounded Effect | back 34 Where people think about something because they tried to suppress it |
front 35 Rumination | back 35 Involves thinking about, elaborating on, and becoming stuck in a cycle of undesired thoughts and feelings |
front 36 5 ways to control your emotions | back 36 change the meaning, create mental distance, find humor, refocus your attention, distract yourself |
front 37 Reappraising | back 37 directly alter emotional reaction to event When you use something to take your mind off of something else EXAMPLE: Thinking about unicorns and rainbows after watching a scary movie |
front 38 Create mental distance | back 38 taking a different perspective can help lower strong emotions Self-distancing: Works by creating mental distance between yourself and the emotional stimulus |
front 39 Find Humor | back 39 Using humor has many benefits for emotional well-being positive effect |
front 40 Refocus your attention | back 40 If you redirect your focus and focus on breathing a technique of ton taught as part of mindfulness training |
front 41 Distract yourself | back 41 Doing another activity to distract yourself, this can backfire |
front 42 Display rules | back 42 Rules learned through socialization that dictate which emotions are suitable for given situation Explains cultural stereotypes Explains why the identification of facial expression is much better within cultures than between cultures |
front 43 Ideal Affect | back 43 Emotional and affective states that people want to feel or that cultures especially value |
front 44 Guilt strengthens social bonds | back 44 Guilt is a negative emotional state associated with, anxiety, tension, and agitation when someone feels responsible for another person's negative affective state |
front 45 Drive | back 45 A psychological state that by creating arousal, motivates an organism that satisfy a need to reduce arousal |
front 46 Homeostasis | back 46 The tendency for bodily function to maintain equilibrium |
front 47 Incentives | back 47 External object of external goals, rather than internal drives, that motivate behavior |
front 48 Extrinsic motivation (reward) | back 48 Motivation to perform an activity because of the external goals toward which that activity is directed Example: Studying to get an A |
front 49 Intrinsic Motivation (Experience) | back 49 Motivation to perform an activity because of the value or pleasure associated with that activity rather than an apparent external goal or purpose Example: Learning to learn not for an A |
front 50 Pleasure Principle | back 50 This encourages people to seek pleasure and avoid pain |
front 51 SMARTS goals | back 51 Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time-bound, self-efficiency |
front 52 Delayed Gatification | back 52 A key insight that people are especially motivated to achieve personal goals |
front 53 Self-regulation | back 53 The process by which people direct their behavior toward the attainment of goals |
front 54 Need to belong | back 54 A need for interpersonal attachments, a fundamental motive that has evolved for adoptive purposes makes people care about wanting friends |
front 55 Balance Theory | back 55 The idea is that people are motivated to achieve harmony in their interpersonal relationships. Balance what you want for you |
front 56 Core values | back 56 Strongly held beliefs, principles |