You observe a mass of amoeba-like cells that swarm together, form a stalk, and produce spores. This is a(n)
Euglenozoa.
cellular slime mold.
ascomycete.
plasmodial slime mold.
tapeworm.

b

which of the following pairs is mismatched?
trematodes – flukes
cestodes – segmented body made of proglottids
cestodes – all are free-living
nematodes – complete digestive tract
nematodes – many are free-living

c

Which of the following is a nucleated, unicellular organism that, if you changed the incubation temperature, would form filaments with conidiospores?
tapeworm
cellular slime mold
ascomycete
euglenozoa
plasmodial slime mold

c

Which of the following organisms is photoautotrophic protozoan?
Euglena
cellular slime mold
plasmodial slime mold
Phytophthora
oomycote

a

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
mosquito – Pneumocystis
tick – Rocky Mountain spotted fever
mosquito – malaria
tick – Lyme disease
mosquito – encephalitis

a

Which of the following groups of algae does NOT produce compounds that are toxic to humans?
diatoms
green algae
red algae
dinoflagellates

b

The cells of plasmodial slime molds can grow to several centimeters in diameter because
they have a mouth to ingest nutrients.
they distribute nutrients by cytoplasmic streaming.
they have organelles.
they form spores.
the large surface can absorb nutrients.

b

Assume you have isolated a multicellular heterotrophic organism that produces coenocytic hyphae, motile zoospores, and cellulose cell walls. It is most likely a(n)
green alga.
ascomycete fungus.
oomycote alga.
zygomycete fungus.
tapeworm.

c

If a larva of Echinococcus granulosus is found in humans, humans are the
intermediate host.
definitive host.
reservoir.
infected host.
None of the answers is correct.

a

Ringworm is caused by a(n)
protozoan.
fungus.
nematode.
trematode.
cestode.

b

Yeast infections are caused by
Penicillium.
Histoplasma.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Candida albicans.
Aspergillus.

d

All of the following are characteristic of lichens EXCEPT
they are used as indicators of air pollution.
they serve as primary producers in rocky ecosystems.
they are arranged in foliose, fruticose, or crustose morphologies.
they are a major food source for tundra herbivores.
they are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a protozoan.

e

You see acid-fast oocysts in a fecal sample from a patient who has diarrhea. What is the MOST likely cause?
Entamoeba
Cryptosporidium
Taenia
Giardia
diatoms

b

A wolf kills a deer that is infected with ________ of Echinococcus granulosis in its liver and eats it. After consuming the deer, the wolf's intestine becomes filled with a number of ________ produced from scoleces. These eventually release eggs into the wolf's intestines, which are released in its feces.
hydatid cysts; cercariae
proglottids; hydatid cysts
hydatid cysts; proglottids
cercariae; cysticerci
cysticerci; proglottids

c

When we say that a human is a dead end host for a parasite, we mean
the infected human is highly unlikely to transmit the infection to another organism.
humans lack the correct anatomical structures for the parasite to exit the body.
that the human isn't capable of being infected by the parasite.
the human will die from the parasitic infection before being able to transmit it to another organism.

a

In the roundworms, the females have 1-2 hardened ________ on their posterior ends
genital pores
scoleces
proglottids
cercariae
spicules

e

Infecting more than 2 billion people worldwide, ________ are the most common causes of chronic infectious diseases.
intestinal roundworms
protozoa
intestinal tapeworms
fungi
algae

a

The head of a tapeworm intestinal parasite is known as the ________.
scolex
cysticerci
hydatid cyst
spicule
proglottid

a

What do tapeworms eat?
red blood cells
plant matter
intestinal contents
host tissues
intestinal bacteria

c

A definitive host harbors which stage of a parasite?
adult
larva
cyst
miracidium
All of the answers are correct.

a

All of the following are characteristic of algae EXCEPT which ONE of the following?
They mostly live in aquatic habitats.
Some produce harmful toxins.
Most are photoautotrophs.
They are currently classified as plants.
They may be unicellular or multicellular.

d

Below are paired items referring to the heartworm Dirofilaria immitis. Which of the pairs is mismatched?
mosquito – vector
dog – definitive host
mosquito – definitive host
dog – sexual reproduction
None of the pairs is mismatched.

c

Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE?
They produce oxygen from hydrolysis of water.
They use light as their energy source.
They use CO2 as their carbon source.
Some are capable of sexual reproduction.
All are unicellular.

e

Which of the following arthropods does NOT transmit diseases by sucking blood from a human host?
houseflies
fleas
mosquitoes
lice
kissing bugs

a

The encysted larva of the beef tapeworm is called a
metacercaria.
redia.
cysticercus.
proglottid.
cercaria.

c

Three weeks after a river rafting trip, three family members experienced symptoms of coughing, fever, and chest pain. During the rafting trip, the family had consumed crayfish that they caught along the river banks. An examination of the patients' sputum revealed helminth eggs, and serum samples were positive for antibodies to Paragonimus. All of the family members recovered following treatment with praziquantel. In the Paragonimus life cycle,

both humans and crayfish are intermediate hosts.
the crayfish are the definitive host and humans are the intermediate host.
the source of the infection was the river water.
both humans and crayfish are definitive hosts.
humans are the definitive host and crayfish are the intermediate host.

e

In the malaria parasite life cycle, humans are the ________ host, while mosquitoes are the ________ host as well as the vector.
definitive; intermediate intermediate; definitive intermediate; intermediate temporary; final vector; intermediate

b

All of the following are characteristic of the Platyhelminthes EXCEPT that they
are hermaphroditic.
are dorsoventrally flattened.
are multicellular animals.
can be divided into flukes and tapeworms.
have highly developed digestive and nervous systems.

e

Helminthic diseases are usually transmitted to humans by
aerosols.
vectors.
gastrointestinal route.
genitourinary route.
respiratory route.

c

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
red algae – agar
dinoflagellates – paralytic shellfish poisoning
brown algae – algin
green algae – prokaryotic
diatoms – petroleum

d

Which of the following pairs are mismatched?
1. arthroconidium – formed by fragmentation
2. sporangiospore – formed within hyphae
3. conidiospore – formed in a chain
4. blastoconidium – formed from a bud
5. chlamydoconidium – formed in a sac

2 and 5
3 and 4
4 and 5
1 and 2
2 and 3

a

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Fungal spores are used in identification of fungi. Fungi produce sexual spores. Fungal spores are highly resistant to heat and chemical agents. Fungi produce asexual spores. Fungal spores are for asexual or sexual reproduction

c

Which of the following tends to be more complex in a parasitic helminth than in free-living helminths?
digestive system
digestive and nervous systems
nervous system
reproductive system

d

In mid-December, a woman with insulin-dependent diabetes who had been on prednisone fell and received an abrasion on the dorsal side of her right hand. She was placed on penicillin. By the end of January, the ulcer had not healed, and she was referred to a plastic surgeon. On January 30, a swab of the wound was cultured at 35°C on blood agar. On the same day, a smear was made for Gram staining. The Gram stain showed large (10 µm) cells. Brownish, waxy colonies grew on the blood agar. Slide cultures set up on February 1 and incubated at 25°C showed septate hyphae and single conidia. The most likely cause of the infection is a

dimorphic fungus.
parasitic alga.
yeast.
protozoan.
gram-negative bacterium.

a

Which of the following statements regarding protozoa is FALSE?
Nearly all protozoa cause disease.
Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes.
Protozoa are common in water and soil.
Some protozoan pathogens are transmitted by arthropod vectors.
Most protozoa reproduce asexually.

a

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
dimorphic fungus – grows as a yeast or a mold
systemic mycosis – fungal infection of body organs
coenocytic hyphae – hyphae with cross-walls
teleomorph – produces both sexual and asexual spores
dermatomycosis – fungal infection of the skin

c

Table 12.1

1-Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium
2-Ascospore 6-Conidiospore
3-Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore
4-Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore

In Table 12.1, which of these spores are asexual spores?
1, 4, 5, 6, 7
2, 3, 6, 8
2, 4, 6, 7, 8
1, 3, 5, 8

a

Table 12.1

1-Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium
2-Ascospore 6-Conidiospore
3-Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore
4-Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore

In Table 12.1, which is a thick-walled spore formed as a segment within a hypha?
1
3
5
7

c

1-Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium
2-Ascospore 6-Conidiospore
3-Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore
4-Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore

In Table 12.1, which of these spores are characteristic of Rhizopus?
1 and 2
7 and 8
6 and 7
2 and 8
1 and 4

b

Table 12.1

1-Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium
2-Ascospore 6-Conidiospore
3-Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore
4-Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore

In Table 12.1, which of these spores are characteristic of Penicillium?
1 and 2
2 and 6
4 and 6
1 and 4
3 and 4

b

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
microsporidia – lack mitochondria
Basidiomycota – basidiospores
Zygomycota – sporangiospores
Ascomycota – conidiospores
anamorphs – lack spores

e

Which of the following statements regarding lichens is FALSE?
The algal partner produces carbohydrates that are absorbed by the fungal partner.
The fungal partner provides a means of attachment and protects the algal partner from desiccation.
Lichens represent a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga.
Lichens are a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a protozoan.
Lichens are often the first life form to colonize rock or soil.

d

Seventeen patients in ten hospitals had cutaneous infections caused by Rhizopus. In all seventeen patients, Elastoplast bandages were placed over sterile gauze pads to cover wounds. Fourteen of the patients had surgical wounds, two had venous line insertion sites, and one had a bite wound. Lesions present when the bandages were removed ranged from vesiculopustular eruptions to ulcerations and skin necrosis requiring debridement. Fungi are more likely than bacteria to contaminate bandages because they

prefer a neutral environment (pH 7).
can tolerate low-moisture conditions.
cannot tolerate high osmotic pressure.
are aerobic.
have a fermentative metabolism.

b

Which of the following statements about the oomycote algae is FALSE?
They cause plant diseases.
They have chlorophyll.
They reproduce sexually.
They form hyphae.
They produce zoospores in a sporangium.

b

Which of the following statements about helminths is FALSE?
They are heterotrophic.
All are parasites.
They have eukaryotic cells.
Some have male and female reproductive organs in one animal.
They are multicellular animals

b

Which of the following statements regarding fungi is FALSE?
Most fungi are pathogenic for humans.
Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs.
Fungi reproduce by forming asexual or sexual spores.
Fungi tolerate low moisture conditions.
Most fungi grow well in acidic culture condition.

a