front 1 Innate immunity | back 1 is nonspecific and present at birth. |
front 2 All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from
infection EXCEPT | back 2 HCI |
front 3 The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to | back 3 trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract. |
front 4 Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic
activity? | back 4 macrophages |
front 5 TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT | back 5 AMPS |
front 6 A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following
EXCEPT | back 6 the number of red blood cells |
front 7 The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway,
alternative pathway, and lectin pathway after the point in the cascade
where the activation of ________ takes place. | back 7 C3 |
front 8 All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT | back 8 lysozymes |
front 9 A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes? | back 9 phagocytosis in the inflammatory response |
front 10 Margination refers to | back 10 adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels. |
front 11 Which of the following statements is TRUE? | back 11 Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages. |
front 12 Which of the following is found normally in serum? | back 12 complement |
front 13 Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT | back 13 interference with viral replication. |
front 14 Which of the following is an effect of opsonization? | back 14 increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms |
front 15 Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT | back 15 they produce lysozyme. |
front 16 Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT | back 16 formation of phagolysosomes. |
front 17 The antimicrobial effects of AMPs include all of the following EXCEPT | back 17 inhibition of phagocytosis. |
front 18 The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid | back 18 goes into lymph capillaries. |
front 19 Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE? | back 19 They develop from neutrophils. |
front 20 Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with (getting to and getting hold of) microorganisms EXCEPT | back 20 lysozyme. |
front 21 All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT | back 21 fever |
front 22 All of the following are effects of kinins EXCEPT | back 22 production of antibodies |
front 23 a chill is a sign that | back 23 body temperature is rising |
front 24 Which of the following statements is TRUE? | back 24 There are at least thirty complement proteins. |
front 25 Which of the following is mismatched? | back 25 chemotaxis – chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome |
front 26 All of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT | back 26 they are effective for long periods. |
front 27 The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by | back 27 lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3. |
front 28 The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by | back 28 antigen-antibody reactions. |
front 29 Activation of C3a results in | back 29 acute inflammation. |
front 30 Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to | back 30 produce toxic oxygen products. |
front 31 Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT | back 31 production of antibody. |
front 32 After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT | back 32 complement. |
front 33 Activation of C5-C9 results in | back 33 lysis of microbial cells. |
front 34 All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT | back 34 they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis. |
front 35 Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths? | back 35 eosinophils |
front 36 Macrophages arise from which of the following? | back 36 monocytes |
front 37 All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it | back 37 accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract |
front 38 All of the following are iron-binding proteins found in humans EXCEPT | back 38 siderophorin. |
front 39 All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step? | back 39 vasodilation |
front 40 The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by | back 40 mannose on the surface of microbes. |
front 41 All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT | back 41 antibody synthesis |
front 42 Several inherited deficiencies in the complement system occur in humans. Which of the following would be the MOST severe? | back 42 deficiency of C3 |
front 43 Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE? | back 43 C3 is not involved in the classical pathway. |
front 44 lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial | back 44 cell wall |
front 45 Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid? | back 45 mucociliary escalator – intestines |
front 46 Leukotrienes are inflammatory vasoactive mediators produced by | back 46 mast cells and basophils. |
front 47 Which one of the following compounds intensifies the effects of histamine and helps phagocytes migrate through capillary walls? | back 47 prostaglandins |
front 48 Chronic inflammation can result in a(n) ________, which can cause impairment of normal tissue function. | back 48 scar tissue/fibrosis |
front 49 Death results if body temperature rises above | back 49 44° to 46° C. |
front 50 Which one of the following is a regulatory protein that prevents the assembly of C9 molecules in the complement cascade, effectively shutting down MAC production? | back 50 CD59 |