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  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

15 notecards = 4 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

OTD 515: cranial nerves (midterm)

front 1

CN I (1): Olfactory

back 1

  • type: sensory
  • function: smell
  • connection to brain: inferior

front 2

CN II (2): Optic

back 2

  • type: sensory
  • function: functional vision
  • connection to brain: diencephalon

front 3

CN III (3): Oculomotor

back 3

  • type: sensory
  • function: innervation of the muscles of the eye (extraocular mvt)+ pupillary reflexes (constrict/accommodate) (OPEN/CLOSE EYES)
  • connection to brain: anterior midbrain
  • pathway: medial longtidual fasciculus

front 4

CN IV (4): Trochlear

back 4

  • type: motor (superior oblique)
  • function: downward + lateral eye movements (down + towards nose)
  • connection to brain: midbrain @inferiro colliculi
  • pathway: medial longitudinal fasciculus

front 5

CN VI (6): Abducens

back 5

  • type: motor (lateral rectus)
  • function: outward lateral eye mvt (left2right)
  • connection to brain: lower pons
  • pathway: medial longitudinal fasciculus

front 6

Eye Movement Dysfunction: CN III (3)

back 6

  • Ptosis
  • Lateral deviation
  • Impaired pupillary response

front 7

Eye Movement Dysfunction: CN IV (4)

back 7

  • Difficulty with lateral movement
  • Medial and vertical deviation
  • can't look towards nose

front 8

Eye Movement Dysfunction: CN VI (6)

back 8

  • Difficulty with lateral movement
  • Medial deviation

front 9

CN V: Trigeminal (5)

back 9

  • Type: mixed (sensory and motor)
  • Function (sensory): sensation to face, head, inner oral cavity, and cornea
  • function (motor): innervates masseter and temporalis muscle (CHEW FOOD)
  • function (reflex): afferent limb of corneal blink reflex
  • connection to brain: posterior to the midbrain
  • pathway: depends on the branch (light touch, slow nociceptive, proprioceptive reflex)

front 10

CN VII: Facial (7)

back 10

  • Type: mixed (sensory and motor)
  • Function (sensory): taste receptons (2/3 tongue)
  • function (motor): facial expressions, eyelid closing, stapedius muscle
  • function (reflex): efferent limb of corneal blink reflex
  • connection to brain: between pons and medulla
  • pathway: depends on the branch

front 11

CN VIII: Vestibulochochlear (8)

back 11

  • Type: sensory (2 branches)
  • Function (auditory): information form cochlea for hearing
  • function (motor): sensory info from semicircular canals
  • function (reflex): afferents for vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)
  • connection to brain: between pons and medulla
  • pathway: depends on the branch

front 12

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal (9)

back 12

  • Type: mixed (sensory and motor)
  • Function (sensory): taste receptors (1/3 tongue)
  • function (motor): swallow (1 muscle in pharynx)
  • function (reflex): afferents for gag+swallow reflex
  • connection to brain: nucleus ambiguous (medulla)
  • pathway: depends on the branch

front 13

CN X: Vagus (10)

back 13

  • Type: 2 branches mixed (sensory and motor)
  • Function (visceral: sensory): taste from palate and epiglottis
  • function (visceral: motor): parasympathetic to heart, GI, and pulmonary systems
  • function (reflex): efferent to pharynx. larynx, and esophagus
  • connection to brain: nucleus ambiguous and dorsal nuclei (medulla)
  • pathway: depends on the branch

front 14

CN XI: Accessory (11)

back 14

  • Type: motor
  • Function: efferents to sternocleidomastoid (shoulder+neck mvt)
  • connection to brain: spinal cord (C1-5)
  • pathway: medial longitudinal fasciculus

front 15

CN XII: Hypoglossal (12)

back 15

  • Type: motor
  • Function: muscles of larynx (elevation at swallowing), tongue mvt (eat, speak, swallow)
  • connection to brain: nucleus ambiguous (joins CN X)
  • pathway: medial longitudinal fasciculus