front 1 What is the purpose of the cell membrane | back 1 controls what goes in and out of the cell |
front 2 movement of molecules without the use of any chemical energy (ATP) | back 2 passive transport |
front 3 simplest type of passive transport; it can happen with liquids (food coloring spreading), solids (sugar dissolving), gas (fart spreading) | back 3 diffusion |
front 4 In which direction does the diffusion occur? | back 4 High to low concentration |
front 5 the difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance | back 5 concentration gradient |
front 6 What supplies the energy for diffusion? | back 6 kinetic energy |
front 7 Molecules are constantly _____, even at equilibrium (vibrating in place in a solid) | back 7 in motion |
front 8 3 things that determine if a molecule will be able to diffuse across the membrane | back 8 size, solubility, charge |
front 9 Name 2 parts of a solution | back 9 solute & solvent |
front 10 WATER tends to diffuse from _________ to __________ solutions | back 10 hypotonic, hypertonic |
front 11 What structure on the outside of a plant cell keeps them from rupturing from too much water? | back 11 cell wall |
front 12 plant cell central vacuole big; pressing up against cell wall | back 12 turgor pressure |
front 13 animal cell gets big; can burst because of too much water entering them | back 13 cytolysis |
front 14 Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | back 14 osmosis |
front 15 Which way does the water move if the solutes outside of the cell is hypotonic to the cytosol | back 15 into cell |
front 16 Which way does the water move if the outside of the cell is hypertonic to the cytosol | back 16 out of cell |
front 17 If the inside and outside of a cell are both isotonic and have reached equilibrium, does water still move across the cell membrane? | back 17 yes but at equal rates |
front 18 plant cell central vacuole small; when the vacuole breaks away from the plasma membrane and shrinks bc water is leaving the cell | back 18 plasmolysis |
front 19 type of passive transport that helps make it easier for large molecules like sugar get across the membrane | back 19 facilitated diffusion |
front 20 transport protein that transport ions across the membrane; can be open or closed (gated) | back 20 ion channels |
front 21 3 stimuli that open & close gated channels | back 21 stretching the cell membrane, electrical signals, chemical signals |
front 22 the state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space | back 22 equilibrium |
front 23 when the solute concentration outside the cell is lower than that in the cytosol, and water will diffuse into the cell; ex. pure water | back 23 hypotonic |
front 24 when the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than that in the cytosol, and the water will diffuse out of the cell; ex. syrup | back 24 hypertonic |
front 25 when the solute concentrations outside and inside the cell are equal and there will be no net movement of water | back 25 isotonic |
front 26 in protists, an organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure | back 26 contractile vacuole |
front 27 an integral protein that helps transport substances across a cell membrane in facilitated diffusion | back 27 carrier protein |
front 28 movement of molecules across the cell membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration WITH use of chemical energy (ATP) | back 28 active transport |
front 29 a protein pump that uses ATP to actively transport 3 Na+ ions out of a cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell | back 29 sodium-potassium pump |
front 30 the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the large particle into the cell | back 30 endocytosis |
front 31 a small cavity or sac that contains materials and moves them around; "vehicle pod"; made up of lipid layer | back 31 vesicle |
front 32 the process in endocytosis by which a cell takes in extracellular fluids; "cell drinking" | back 32 pinocytosis |
front 33 the process in endocytosis by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food; "cell eating" | back 33 phagocytosis |
front 34 a cell that ingests and destroys foreign matter of microorganisms; ex. amoeba | back 34 phagocyte |
front 35 the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out | back 35 exocytosis |
front 36 animal cell shrinking; shriveling of the cell due to water leaving the cell | back 36 crenation |
front 37 3 steps of facilitated diffusion carrier protein | back 37 bind to molecule, change shape to push through, release molecule on other side of membrane |
front 38 carrier proteins that serve in active transport; pushes things across the membrane from low to high concentration | back 38 cell membrane pumps |
front 39 An active transport protein in a cell membrane that uses ATP to transport hydrogen ions out of a cell against their concentration gradient, generating a membrane potential in the process; ex. light reaction in photosynthesis or ETC in cellular respiration | back 39 proton pump |
front 40 4 examples of passive transport | back 40 diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, ion channels |
front 41 4 examples of active transport | back 41 cell membrane pump, Na+ K+ pump, proton pump, vesicle transport |
front 42 "diffusion will go, high to low" | back 42 diffusion jingle |
front 43 the hotter the temperature, the _____ the rate of diffusion | back 43 faster |
front 44 egg sitting in syrup (less solute) will ____ | back 44 shrink |
front 45 egg sitting in pure water (more solute) will ___ | back 45 expand |
front 46 how do you feel about salt or sugar or any high solute in a solution? | back 46 "it SUCKS!" |
front 47 where in photosynthesis is there a proton pump? | back 47 light reaction (chloroplast thylakoid) |
front 48 where in cellular respiration is there a proton pump? | back 48 ETC (mitochondria cristae) |
front 49 (Refer to review chart)ACTIVE TRANSPORT requires energy input (does it need energy?) | back 49 T |
front 50 FACILITATED DIFFUSION requires energy input. | back 50 F |
front 51 DIFFUSION requires energy input. | back 51 F |
front 52 ACTIVE TRANSPORT moves molecules against their concentration gradient. | back 52 T |
front 53 FACILITATED DIFFUSION moves molecules against their concentration gradient. | back 53 F |
front 54 DIFFUSION moves molecules against their concentration gradient | back 54 F |
front 55 ACTIVE TRANSPORT requires a membrane protein. | back 55 T |
front 56 FACILITATED DIFFUSION requires a membrane protein. | back 56 T |
front 57 DIFFUSION requires a membrane protein. | back 57 F |
front 58 Sodium-Potassium pump is an example of ACTIVE TRANSPORT. | back 58 T |
front 59 Sodium-Potassium pump is an example of FACILITATED DIFFUSION. | back 59 F |
front 60 Sodium-Potassium pump is an example of DIFFUSION. | back 60 F |
front 61 Name a substance that can DIFFUSE readily across the cell membrane. | back 61 O2 |
front 62 Name a substance that is too large to diffuse across the cell membrane | back 62 Glucose |
front 63 What prevents charged molecules (+/-) from diffusing across the cell membrane? | back 63 the hydrophobic tails of the membrane |