front 1 Articulation | back 1 any place where adjacent bones or bone & cartilage come together (articulate with each other) to form a connection; A JOINT |
front 2 2 main factors affect the type of joint & degree of movement at a joint: | back 2
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front 3 3 Structural types of joints | back 3
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front 4 Structural classification of joints | back 4 based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity |
front 5 Suture joint | back 5 between skull bones |
front 6 Syndesmosis | back 6 bones are more widely separated; held together by ligament or interosseous membrane (ex. between radius & ulna) |
front 7 Gomphosis | back 7 joint of a tooth within its socket |
front 8 Fibrous Joints | back 8 adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue; they have no joint cavity ex. suture joint, syndesmosis & gomphosis |
front 9 Cartilaginous joints | back 9 the bones are joined by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage ex. synchondrosis & symphysis |
front 10 Synchondrosis | back 10 bones are joined together by hyaline cartilage; 2 types:
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front 11 Symphysis | back 11 bones are joined by fibrocartilage; pubic symphysis or intervertebral disks |
front 12 Synovial joints | back 12 the articulating surfaces of the bones are not directly connected but instead come into contact with each other within a joint cavity the is filled with a lubricating fluid.
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front 13 Functional classification of joints | back 13 determined by the amount of mobility found between the adjacent bones 3 functional types
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front 14 Synarthrosis Joints | back 14 immobile joint
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front 15 Amphiarthrosis Joints | back 15 slightly mobile joint
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front 16 Diarthrosis | back 16 freely moveable joint
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front 17 Synostosis (Synostoses plural) | back 17 the fusion of 2 bones & the most common example is in the long bone when the Epiphysis (rounded bone end) fuses with the Diaphysis (shaft) upon closure of the epiphyseal plate after puberty (forming the epiphyseal line) between the bone |
front 18 Articular capsule | back 18 a fibrous connective tissue structure that is attached to each bone just outside the area of the bones articulating surface forming the walls of the joint cavity |
front 19 Articular cartilage | back 19 a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone end (prevents friction between the bones) |
front 20 Synovial membrane | back 20 a thin connective tissue membrane that lines the inner surface of the articular capsule whose cells secrete a lubricating fluid (synovial fluid) |
front 21 Synovial fluid | back 21 a thick, slimy fluid that provides lubrication to further reduce friction between the bones of the joint |
front 22 Ligament | back 22 connects bone to bone |
front 23 Tendon | back 23 connects muscle to bone |
front 24 Articular disc | back 24 a fibrocartilage structure located between the articulating bones that is small and oval shaped which acts to strongly unite the bones of the joint |
front 25 Meniscus | back 25 a fibrocartilage structure located between the articulating bones that is large and C-shaped which provides shock absorption and cushioning between the bones |
front 26 Bursa | back 26 sac of thin connective tissue that is filled with lubricating fluid |
front 27 Tendon Sheath | back 27 similar in function to a bursa; it is a connective tissue sac (fluid filled) that surrounds a muscle tendon at places where the tendon crosses a joint |
front 28 Pivot Joint | back 28 uniaxial: rotation around a single axis |
front 29 Hinge Joint | back 29 uniaxial: bending or straightening in a single axis |
front 30 Condyloid Joint | back 30 biaxial: allows movement in 2 planes |
front 31 Saddle Joint | back 31 biaxial joint |
front 32 Plane Joint | back 32 "multiaxial" |
front 33 Ball-and-socket Joint | back 33 multiaxial |
front 34 Flexion | back 34 decrease joint angle |
front 35 Extension | back 35 increase joint angle |
front 36 Abduction | back 36 movement away from midline |
front 37 Adduction | back 37 movement towards midline |
front 38 Circumduction | back 38 the movement of a body region in a circular manner in which one end moves to "describe" a circle and the other stays relatively stationary (arm or leg "circles") |
front 39 Rotation | back 39 circular or twisting movement about the long axis of a bone or column of bones |
front 40 Dorsiflexion | back 40 lifting the toes up or "walking on heels"; action that lifts the front of the foot which results in the top of the foot moving towards the anterior leg |
front 41 Plantar flexion | back 41 pointing the toes downward |
front 42 Supination | back 42 movement of the forearm (rotation of the radius) that results in the radius and the ulna becoming parallel to one another and the palm facing forward (in anatomical position) |
front 43 Pronation | back 43 is in opposite direction to the supination and results in the radius crossing over the ulna in an "X-shape" position and the palm facing backward (out of anatomical position) |
front 44 Inversion | back 44 turning the plantar surface of the foot toward the midline |
front 45 Eversion | back 45 turning the plantar surface of the foot outward or away from the midline |
front 46 Opposition | back 46 is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger |
front 47 Bursitis | back 47 the inflammation of a bursa near a joint causes pain, swelling or tenderness of the surrounding area; may be acute or chronic |
front 48 Osteoarthritis | back 48 a common disorder of synovial joints that involves inflammation of the joint associated with aging and "wear and tear" of the articular cartilage |
front 49 Gout | back 49 a form of arthritis, or inflammation of the synovial joint, that results from the deposition of uric acid crystals within the body joint; body is producing too much uric acid |
front 50 Rheumatoid Arthritis | back 50 (RA) an inflammation joint disease of autoimmune etiology wherein the immune system of the body attacks its own joints |
front 51 Sprain | back 51 the stretching or tearing of ligaments surrounding a joint |
front 52 Strain | back 52 the stretching or tearing of tendon fibers |
front 53 RICE | back 53 (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) common treatment technique |
front 54 Temporomandibular Joint | back 54
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front 55 Shoulder Joint | back 55
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front 56 Hip Joint | back 56
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front 57 Knee Joint | back 57
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