A female lizard is kept isolated in a zoo for five years. Then, to everyone's surprise, she lays four viable eggs that hatch to produce offspring that are genetically identical to her. What type of reproduction most likely occurred?

parthenogenesis

Which statement provides the best evidence that parthenogenic whiptail lizards evolved from sexually reproducing ancestors?

some lizards engage in male-like behaviors before their partners ovulate

In a species that alternates between sexual and asexual reproduction, under which of the following conditions is sexual reproduction more likely to occur than is asexual reproduction?

when conditions for survival are unfavorable

In a species that alternates between sexual and asexual reproduction, under which of the following conditions is sexual reproduction more likely to occur than is asexual reproduction?

when conditions for survival are unfavorable

Under which of the following conditions will asexual reproduction be more likely to result in greater reproductive success than sexual reproduction?

when a species is in a stable and favorable environment

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

results in greater genetic diversity in offspring

Water fleas of the genus Daphnia can switch from a pattern of asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction. This change would be more likely to occur under which of the following conditions?

when temperatures change in ways that stress the adults

Which of the following best describes the cloaca in nonmammalian adult vertebrates

It is a shared pathway for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems.

Females of many insect species, including honeybee queens, can store sperm in which of the following structures?

spermatheca

Animals that use external fertilization are most likely to reproduce in which of the following areas?

shallow lake

Which of the following describes an advantage of internal fertilization over external fertilization?

the offspring are more likely to survive

The green anaconda is a nonvenomous snake that lives in tropical rain forests of South America. While the green anaconda can swim to hunt for food, it primarily lives on dry land. Female green anaconda usually gives birth to 20 to 40 live young in a single litter. Which type of fertilization is likely used by green anacondas and why?

internal fertilization because they live mostly on dry land

Pheromones used in reproduction are not likely to be found in organisms that only reproduce ________.

asexually

Egg laying in fruit flies can be triggered (induced) when males transfer their sperm to btestbanks.com females. Which of the following is a selective advantage of induced egg laying for the male flies?

A male fly's sperm is more likely to be used for fertilization

Which of the following structures in females is analogous in function to the vas deferens in males?

oviduct

Which of the following is the correct order of structures through which sperm pass during an ejaculation?

epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

An inactivating mutation in the progesterone receptor gene would likely result in ______

the inability of the uterus to support pregnancy

Which of the following correctly pairs the structure with its product?

anterior pituitary–LH

Which of the following is a similarity between spermatogenesis and oogenesis in vertebrate animals? Both spermatogenesis and oogenesis ______

lead to the production of gametes from germ cells

Which of the following is a similarity between a mature human sperm and an ovum that has completed meiosis? Both gametes ________

have the same number of chromosomes

Among humans, which of the following male and female genital structures consist mostly of erectile tissue?

penis and clitoris

Where are human sperm produced?

seminiferous tubules

The surgical removal of the seminal vesicles would likely cause _____

the volume of semen to be reduced

Which would most likely happen if the temperature of the human scrotum was increased by 2°C for several weeks? The male would experience

reduced fertility due to impaired spermatogenesis

Which statement about human reproduction is correct?

A human oocyte only completes meiosis II after fertilization

) Which structure is formed by the follicular cells that remain behind in the ovary following ovulation in humans

a steroid-hormone synthesizing structure called the corpus luteum

Which of the following changes is most likely to occur as an immediate result of an injection of LH into a male mammal?

an increase in production of testosterone

Which of the following changes are most likely to occur in a male songbird that has a mutation in the cells in its anterior pituitary gland such that FSH and LH are produced at 1% of normal levels?

decreased frequency of "singing" to attract females

The primary difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that ___

in the absence of pregnancy, the endometrium is reabsorbed in estrous and shed in menstrual cycles

Which option correctly lists, in chronological order, the three phases of the human ovarian cycle?

follicular phase → ovulation → luteal phase

Which option correctly lists, in chronological order, the three phases of the human uterine cycle?

menstrual → proliferative → secretory

Which of the following is most influenced by the SRY gene?

gonad development

Luteinizing hormone causes Leydig cells to produce which of the following hormones?

testosterone

Which hormone is released from Sertoli cells and inhibits the release of follicle stimulating hormone

inhibin

Which statement correctly describes the primary function of the corpus luteum?

to maintain progesterone and estradiol synthesis after ovulation has occurred

Which of the following best describes a change to the female reproductive system that occurs in menopause?

the ovaries lose their responsiveness to FSH and LH

Use the following information to answer the question.
For your internship at the local zoo, you have been assigned to help with the new orangutan- breeding program. Little is known about orangutan reproductive hormones, but hormone feedback cycles are often the same in closely related animals. You have been asked to use your knowledge of the interactions of human reproductive hormones to recommend injections to btestbanks.com promote ovulation in a female orangutan when a visiting male arrives for a brief breeding visit. Which of the following hormones would you inject if you want to induce ovulation in a female orangutan right away

luteinizing hormone

Use the following information to answer the question.

For your internship at the local zoo, you have been assigned to help with the new orangutan- breeding program. Little is known about orangutan reproductive hormones, but hormone feedback cycles are often the same in closely related animals. You have been asked to use your knowledge of the interactions of human reproductive hormones to recommend injections to promote ovulation in a female orangutan when a visiting male arrives for a brief breeding visit.

Which of the following hormones would you inject a few days before the male visit if you want to induce ovulation when he arrives?

estradiol

Which of the following is most likely to occur as an immediate result of an injection of estradiol in a female mammal?

LH production will increase

Labor contractions can be increased by the medical use of a synthetic drug that mimics the action of

oxytocin

The presence of which of the following molecules in the urine indicates that a woman is pregnant?

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Which of the following are contraceptive methods that are considered permanent and that block the gametes from moving to a site where fertilization can occur?

vasectomy and tubal ligation

Which correctly describes the outcome of a vasectomy?

prevention of sperm from entering the male urethra

once uterine contractions have begun in labor, the female body releases several hormones that act in a positive feedback loop. This feedback loop ____

ensures continued contractions until labor is complete

A pregnant woman comes into the hospital past her due date. The doctor decides it is time for the baby to be delivered. Which hormone could the doctor use to induce labor?

oxytocin

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than in the lining of the uterus (usually it implants in the oviduct). Which of the following best explains why such a pregnancy would not be successful?

The structure of the oviduct is unable to support the developing fetus

Which of the following can occur after intercourse between a female who has undergone tubal ligation and a male with a normally functioning reproductive tract?

Sperm can fertilize an oocyte

Which of the following characterizes parthenogenesis?

An egg develops without being fertilized.

In male mammals, excretory and reproductive systems share ________

urethra

Which of the following is not properly paired?

seminiferous tubule–cervix

Peaks of LH and FSH production occur during ____

the period just before ovulation

During human gestation, rudiments of all organs develop ____

in the first trimester

Which of the following is a true statement?

The endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles

For which of the following is the number the same in human males and females?

meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete

Which statement about human reproduction is false?

The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules