front 1 Which of the following statements about endocrine glands is true? | back 1 They do not have ducts. |
front 2 Which of the following types of signal is released into the environment? | back 2 pheromones |
front 3 Testosterone is an example of a chemical signal that affects, variously, the very cells that synthesize it in the testis, the neighboring cells, and distant cells outside the gonads. Thus, testosterone is an example of ________. | back 3 an autocrine signal, a paracrine signal, and an endocrine signal |
front 4 The chemical structure of prostaglandins is derived from which of the following types of molecules? | back 4 fatty acids |
front 5 Which of the following statements about aspirin and ibuprofen is true? | back 5 They inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. |
front 6 Which of the following best explains why the steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of target cells in the body? | back 6 only target cells contain aldosterone receptors |
front 7 Fludrocortisone is a steroid hormone used to treat disease. Which of the following most likely occurs when it encounters a target cell? | back 7 It diffuses through the cell membrane and binds to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus |
front 8 A certain hormone activates the cAMP second messenger system in its target cells. Which of the following would yield the greatest response by a target cell? | back 8 apply the hormone to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell |
front 9 Which of the following statements about growth factors is true? | back 9 They are local regulators that stimulate division and development of target cells. |
front 10 Which of the following statements is true about both steroid and polypeptide? | back 10 they travel through the bloodstream |
front 11 Which of the following types of cell-to-cell signaling describes tumor cells that secrete growth factors that induce surrounding cells to grow and divide? | back 11 paracrine |
front 12 Which of the following molecules is lipid soluble and acts on target cells at distant locations from where it is released? | back 12 cortizol |
front 13 Which of the following statements about polypeptides is true? | back 13 some function as growth factors |
front 14 Which of the following are properties of steroid hormones? | back 14 Steroid hormones regulate gene transcription by binding to intracellular receptor proteins. |
front 15 Tadpoles undergo metamorphosis in their development. The changes include reabsorption of the tail, growth of limbs, and the development of lungs. Amazingly, all of these changes are induced by thyroxine. Which of the following best explains the diverse effects of thyroxine? | back 15 Different tissues have thyroxine receptors that activate different signal transduction pathways. |
front 16 Which of the following organs includes endocrine and exocrine tissues | back 16 the pancreas |
front 17 Which of the following are the two main systems for communication and control in most animals? | back 17 nervous and endocrine |
front 18 Molecules that act quickly over short distances are types of ________ | back 18 local regulators |
front 19 Which of the following correctly describes the target cells in autocrine signalin | back 19 They secrete autocrine signals. |
front 20 Which of the following statements is true? | back 20 neurohormones diffuse into the bloodstream |
front 21 A new type of pesticide sprayed onto fields of corn interferes with the ability of nematodes to find potential mates. This new pesticide most likely interferes with _______ | back 21 pheromones |
front 22 A new type of pesticide sprayed onto fields of corn interferes with the ability of nematodes to find potential mates. This new pesticide most likely interferes with _______ | back 22 nitric oxide |
front 23 Which of the following is a steroid hormone that coordinates molting in arthropods? | back 23 ecdysteroid |
front 24 Which one of the following statements is true? | back 24 Hormones often regulate homeostasis through antagonistic functions |
front 25 The mammary glands secrete milk in response to circulating oxytocin. A suckling baby feeding on this milk stimulates additional oxytocin release. These related events are an example of ________. | back 25 positive feedback |
front 26 Which of the following pairs correctly describes an example of antagonistic hormones that regulate homeostasis? | back 26 insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels |
front 27 The insect hormones ecdysteroid and PTTH __ | back 27 reflect the coordinated responses of the endocrine and nervous systems |
front 28 Which of the following is the source of the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? | back 28 hypothalamus |
front 29 Which of the following functions would most likely be disrupted by an injury to the hypothalamus? | back 29 regulation of water balance |
front 30 Which of the following is an example of a simple endocrine pathway? | back 30 release of secretin by cells of the duodenum after exposure to low pH |
front 31 Which of the following contain capillary beds connected by portal blood vessels? | back 31 hypothalamus and anterior pituitary |
front 32 Which of the following organs is directly affected by antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? | back 32 kidney |
front 33 Diabetes insipidus is a disorder that results in the kidneys not being able to conserve water during urine production. Which hormone most likely plays a role in diabetes insipidus? | back 33 ADH |
front 34 which two hormones in a lactating mammal promote milk synthesis and milk release respectively | back 34 prolactin and oxytocin |
front 35 Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are synthesized in the ________ and are released from the ________ | back 35 hypothalamus and posterior pituitary |
front 36 Which of the following is the most likely cause of a goiter? | back 36 low levels of iodine in the diet |
front 37 When a person drinks alcohol, the rate of urination increases. Which of the following best explains the increase in urination above normal rates? | back 37 Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH. |
front 38 Which of the following glands produces hormones that affect osmoregulation, reproduction, and metabolism | back 38 anterior pituitary |
front 39 Which of the following is the most likely outcome of a reduction of blood flow in the portal system connecting the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland? | back 39 reduced levels of growth hormone in the blood |
front 40 Which of the following is a function of glucocorticoids | back 40 increasing blood glucose levels |
front 41 Which of the following correctly pairs a gland with its impact on the fight-or-flight reaction? | back 41 adrenal medulla, leads to increased secretion of epinephrine |
front 42 Certain diseases of the adrenal glands result in increased secretion of adrenal hormones. The symptoms include high blood pressure, increased heart rate, and elevated body temperature. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal glands and most likely contributes to these symptoms | back 42 epinephrine |
front 43 Which one of the following is a type of catecholamine? | back 43 epinephrine |
front 44 Which of the following occurs under stressful conditions that include shock, low blood pressure, and low blood sugar levels? | back 44 ACTH stimulates the release of corticosteroids. |
front 45 In response to stress, the adrenal gland promotes the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate substrates via the action of the steroid hormone ________ | back 45 cortisol |
front 46 Which of the following best explains how epinephrine produces different effects in different target cells | back 46 The target cells differ in their types of receptors. |
front 47 Which of the following is affected by exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) | back 47 reproduction and development |
front 48 Which of the following events will be initiated by the fight-or-flight response following a stressful stimulus? | back 48 liver cells convert glycogen into glucose |
front 49 Which of the following hormones is vital to maintaining a pregnancy in a mammal? | back 49 progesterone |
front 50 Which of the following is the most likely effect of a drug that increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) synthesis? | back 50 increased release of glucocorticoids |
front 51 Which of the following contributes to poor health when people experience chronic stress? | back 51 high levels of glucocorticoids suppress the immune response |
front 52 Thyroxine can trigger growth, temperature tolerance, or osmoregulation depending on the organism in which it is produced. Which is the most likely mechanism for such diverse responses in different organisms? | back 52 The function of thyroxine in a particular tissue is determined by the genes that are transcribed by the activated thyroxine receptor. |
front 53 Which hormone contributes to calcium homeostasis in fishes and rodents by opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone | back 53 calcitonin |
front 54 Which hormone regulates skin color in fishes, amphibians, and reptiles? | back 54 melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
front 55 Which of the following best describes sex hormones in male and female vertebrates? | back 55 Androgens, estrogens, and progesterone are found in males and females, but in different proportions. |
front 56 Which statement is accurate | back 56 Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops. |
front 57 The hypothalamus ______ | back 57 regulates both reproduction and body temperature |
front 58 Growth factors are local regulators that _____ | back 58 bind to cell-surface receptors and stimulate growth and -development of target cells |
front 59 Which hormone is correctly paired with its action? | back 59 oxytocin–stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth |
front 60 What do steroid and peptide hormones typically have in common? | back 60 their requirement for travel through the bloodstream |
front 61 Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal | back 61 hyposecretion of TSH |
front 62 The relationship between the insect hormones ecdysteroid and PTTH is an example of ________ | back 62 an interaction of the endocrine and nervous systems |