front 1 Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella? | back 1 tubulin |
front 2 Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to carry out which of the following processes? | back 2 move vesicles within a cell |
front 3 Spherocytosis is a human blood disorder associated with a defective cytoskeletal protein in the red blood cells (RBCs). What do you suspect is the consequence of such a defect? | back 3 abnormally shaped RBCs |
front 4 Cilia and flagella bend because of ________. | back 4 a motor protein called dynein |
front 5 Researchers investigating the mechanism of vesicular transport assembled a cell-free system that included microtubule tracks, vesicles, and ATP. However, they observed no movement of transport of vesicles in this system. What were they missing? | back 5 motor proteins |
front 6 Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling), which involves ________. | back 6 growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane |
front 7 Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to ________. | back 7 separate chromosomes during cell division |
front 8 A characteristic 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules is associated with ________. | back 8 eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia |
front 9 Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures? | back 9 components of the cytoskeleton |
front 10 Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease? | back 10 mitochondria |
front 11 Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the bound cyanide is likely to be localized within the ________. | back 11 mitochondria |
front 12 Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from ________. | back 12 nearly any eukaryotic organism |
front 13 Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum? | back 13 in mitochondria |
front 14 The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved ________. | back 14 endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria |
front 15 In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and ________. | back 15 combine the hydrogen with oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide |
front 16 If plant cells are grown on media containing radioactively labeled thymine for one generation, radioactively labeled macromolecules will be detected in which of the following? | back 16 in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts |
front 17 Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in ________. | back 17 chloroplasts |
front 18 Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? | back 18 mitochondrion |
front 19 Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction. One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Cells will take up asbestos by phagocytosis, but are not able to degrade it. As a result, asbestos fibers accumulate in ________. | back 19 lysosomes |
front 20 Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? | back 20 rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane |
front 21 Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? | back 21 Golgi apparatus |
front 22 The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells? | back 22 smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
front 23 Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle is most likely defective in this condition? | back 23 the lysosome |
front 24 Which structure below is independent of the endomembrane system? | back 24 chloroplast |
front 25 A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to ________. | back 25 synthesize large quantities of lipids |
front 26 Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? | back 26 central vacuole |
front 27 A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely ________. | back 27 producing large quantities of proteins for secretion |
front 28 The nuclear lamina is an array of intermediate filaments that line the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a chemical treatment caused the lamina to disassemble, what would you expect to be the most likely immediate consequence? | back 28 a change in the shape of the nucleus |
front 29 Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that this cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules? | back 29 proteins |
front 30 Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells? | back 30 Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are likely synthesized on ribosomes bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. |
front 31 Which of the following macromolecules enter the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane? | back 31 ribosomal proteins |
front 32 Which of the following macromolecules leave the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane? | back 32 mRNA |
front 33 What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? | back 33 It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus. |
front 34 In bacteria, DNA will be found in ________. | back 34 the nucleoid |
front 35 Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells? | back 35 ribosomes |
front 36 Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? | back 36 mitochondrion |
front 37 Which domains of life are classified as prokaryotes? | back 37 Bacteria and Archaea |
front 38 Which of the following will have the greatest ratio of surface area to volume? | back 38 A box that is 1×1×1. |
front 39 You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume? | back 39 Round the clay up into a sphere. |
front 40 Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? | back 40 Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not. |
front 41 Which of the following frequently imposes a limit on cell size? | back 41 ratios of surface area to volume |
front 42 A newly discovered unicellular organism isolated from acidic mine drainage is found to contain a cell wall, a plasma membrane, two flagella, and peroxisomes. Based just on this information, the organism is most likely ________. | back 42 a motile eukaryote |
front 43 A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that an inexpensive toy microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference? | back 43 The toy microscope magnifies a good deal but has low resolution and, therefore, poor quality images. |
front 44 Which of the following would be most appropriate method to observe the three-dimensional structure and organization of microvilli on an intestinal cell? | back 44 scanning electron microscopy |
front 45 Which of the following would be most appropriate method to observe and measure the size of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell? | back 45 transmission electron microscopy |
front 46 Which of the following would be the most appropriate method to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division? | back 46 standard light microscopy |
front 47 What is the explanation for how a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM) can achieve a resolution of about 0.2 nanometers, whereas a standard light microscope has a maximum resolution of about 200 nanometers? | back 47 Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. |
front 48 In the fractionation of homogenized cells using differential centrifugation, which of the following will require the greatest speed to form pellets at the bottom of the tube? | back 48 ribosomes |
front 49 One primary advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that ________. | back 49 light microscopy allows the visualization of dynamic processes in living cells |
front 50 Which of the following is the smallest structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope? | back 50 mitochondrion |