front 1 Pragmatism | back 1 A philosophical tradition that began in the United States around 1870. Pragmatism considers thought as an instrument or tool for prediction, problem-solving, and action, emphasizing the practical applications of ideas by acting on them to actually test them in human experiences. |
front 2 Social Gospel | back 2 A religious movement that arose during the late 19th century with the goal of making Christianity responsive to social problems such as poverty, inequality, and poor labor conditions. It encouraged Christians to engage in social reforms based on Christian ethics. |
front 3 Muckrakers | back 3 Journalists and writers in the early 20th century who sought to expose corruption, social injustices, and abuses of power in government and business. Their work helped spark progressive reforms. |
front 4 Hull House | back 4 A settlement house in Chicago, founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. It provided social, educational, and artistic programs for immigrants and the working class. |
front 5 Civic Housekeeping | back 5 A concept advocated by women reformers in the early 20th century that suggested women should extend their roles as caregivers to the public sphere, engaging in social reform and community improvement. |
front 6 Suffragists | back 6 Individuals, particularly women, who fought for the right to vote in public elections. The suffragist movement was a significant part of the broader women's rights movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. |
front 7 Tuskegee Institute | back 7 An educational institution founded by Booker T. Washington in 1881 in Alabama. It focused on providing vocational training for African Americans and played a crucial role in their education and empowerment. |
front 8 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) | back 8 An African American civil rights organization founded in 1909 to fight prejudice, lynching, and Jim Crow segregation and to work for the betterment of "people of color." |
front 9 Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) | back 9 Founded in 1874, this organization advocated for the prohibition of alcohol, promoting temperance as a means to improve society and family life. |
front 10 Hetch Hetchy Valley | back 10 A valley in Yosemite National Park that became the center of controversy in the early 20th century over plans to dam it for water supply for San Francisco. It was a pivotal moment in the American conservation movement. |
front 11 Bully Pulpit | back 11 A term coined by President Theodore Roosevelt to describe the presidency as a platform from which to advocate an agenda and influence the public and Congress. |
front 12 Progressive Party | back 12 Also known as the "Bull Moose Party," it was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 after a split in the Republican Party. The party stood for progressive reforms, including women's suffrage and labor rights. |
front 13 New Nationalism | back 13 Theodore Roosevelt's political philosophy during the 1912 election, which emphasized the need for a strong federal government to regulate industry and protect the rights of individuals. |
front 14 New Freedom | back 14 Woodrow Wilson's campaign platform in the 1912 presidential election, which called for limited government intervention in the economy to restore competition by breaking up monopolies. |