front 1 Free-Soil Party | back 1 A political party founded in 1848 that opposed the expansion of slavery into the western territories, advocating for "free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men." |
front 2 Market Revolution | back 2 A period in early 19th-century America characterized by a shift from a subsistence economy to a more commercial economy, marked by innovations in transportation, communication, and industry. |
front 3 Transcendentalism | back 3 A philosophical and literary movement of the early 19th century that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal intuition. |
front 4 Cult of Domesticity | back 4 A prevailing value system among the upper and middle classes during the 19th century in the United States and Great Britain that emphasized new ideas of femininity, the woman's role within the home, and the dynamics of work and family. |
front 5 Appeal… to the Colored Citizens of the World | back 5 A radical anti-slavery pamphlet published by David Walker in 1829, calling for black unity and self-help in the fight against oppression and injustice. |
front 6 Deskilling | back 6 The process by which skilled labor within an industry or economy is eliminated by the introduction of technologies operated by semiskilled or unskilled workers. |
front 7 Liberator | back 7 An abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831, known for its strong stance against slavery and for advocating for immediate emancipation. |
front 8 Second Great Awakening | back 8 A Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States, which led to rapid growth of the Baptist and Methodist churches and the formation of new reform movements. |
front 9 American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) | back 9 An abolitionist society founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan, promoting the immediate abolition of slavery in the United States. |
front 10 Temperance | back 10 A social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages, advocating for moderation or complete abstinence, influential in the 19th century. |
front 11 Underground Railroad | back 11 A network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved African-Americans to escape into free states and Canada with the aid of abolitionists and allies who were sympathetic to their cause. |
front 12 Nativists | back 12 Individuals who favored the interests of native-born inhabitants over immigrants, associated with anti-immigrant sentiments and policies in the United States, especially in the 19th century. |
front 13 Declaration of Sentiments | back 13 A document signed in 1848 at the first women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York, outlining the rights American women should be entitled to as citizens, based on the Declaration of Independence. |
front 14 Utopian Societies | back 14 Communities established with the aim of creating a perfect society, often based on religious or philosophical ideals, prominent in the 19th century, such as New Harmony and the Oneida Community. |
front 15 Liberty Party | back 15 A minor political party in the United States in the 1840s that advocated for the abolition of slavery and was an early forerunner of the Free Soil Party. |