front 1 Which of the following is the source of instinctual drives and is a product of evolution? ego superego superid id | back 1 Id |
front 2 According to the ecological/social disorganization approach, which of the following areas within a big city would be expected to have the highest crime rate? area outside of the city with mainly farmland area on the edges of the city with several schools area in the center of the city with many office buildings area near the business district with cheap housing | back 2 area near the business district with cheap housing |
front 3 The death penalty is intended to be a punishment built on the idea of ______ theory. biological deterrence positive classical | back 3 deterrence |
front 4 Support for a genetic influence in predicting potential violence and criminality has found variations in five genes. Which gene was found to have the most impact on likely delinquency and crime 5HTT DRD4 DAT1 MAOA | back 4 MAOA |
front 5 Early theories that explained deviancy as a result of evil spirits were known as free will demonology deterrence classical | back 5 demonology |
front 6 Which of these policies would Goddard have supported in order to prevent criminality universal prenatal care sterilization of a portion of the population educational programs harsher punishments | back 6 sterilization of a portion of the population |
front 7 Informal adjustment occurs only in the street. True False | back 7 False |
front 8 Actions in which the victim is targeted online or through the use of text messages using cell phones is known as ______. assault cyberbullying sexting tweeting | back 8 cyberbullying |
front 9 Which of the following programs is intended to improve the relationship between community agencies and police in working with juveniles? Serious Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program Crisis Intervention Team for Youth stop and frisk procedures youth-focused community policing | back 9 Serious Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program |
front 10 Research has found conclusively that race plays a significant role in police arrest decisions. True False | back 10 False |
front 11 Which of the following programs involves police officers teaching children how to avoid illicit drugs? Policing the Teen Brain GREAT CIT-Y DARE | back 11 DARE |
front 12 An officer asking juveniles who are congregating at a public park after hours to leave would be a type of ______ adjustment. official street corner formal station | back 12 street corner |
front 13 The number of college programs in criminal justice and law enforcement has increased due to the desire for increased ______. diversity in policing recruitment efforts Professionalization of the police community policing programs | back 13 Professionalization of the police |
front 14 A longitudinal evaluation of the GREAT program showed that students who had completed the training had lower levels of victimization, more negative views of gangs, and more positive attitudes about police. True False | back 14 True |
front 15 An officer using individual judgement in considering the type of action to take during an encounter with a juvenile is an example of ______. discretion overpolicing mandated reporting informal adjustment | back 15 discretion |
front 16 Youth-Focused Community Policing and TAL PAL are examples of which type of program? crisis intervention community-oriented policing bullying prevention street corner adjustment | back 16 community-oriented policing |
front 17 The Miami Dade Schools Police Department program was designed to do which of the following? increase arrests for juveniles put policing at the forefront of dealing with juveniles train officers in official proceedings for dealing with juveniles create partnerships within the community, school, and corrections agencies | back 17 create partnerships within the community, school, and corrections agencies |
front 18 In order to improve an officer’s ability to deal with juveniles who are incarcerated and victims, officers should receive ______. specialized training increased pay recognition promotions | back 18 specialized training |
front 19 Stop and frisk encounters are often viewed as discriminatory as a result of ______ in racial-ethnic minority neighborhood. community policing formal crime reduction policies overpolicing | back 19 overpolicing |
front 20 TAL PAL is a program that promotes positive relationships between the police and community juveniles. True False | back 20 True |
front 21 Research has shown that school resource officers balance being an authority figures and counselors to school children. True False | back 21 False |
front 22 According to your text, many officers believe that being assigned as a juvenile officer is particularly desirable. True False | back 22 False |
front 23 The police and the courts have the same goals with respect to juveniles. True False | back 23 False |
front 24 The SHOCAP (Serious Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program) model centers on effective case management and an information-sharing intervention for juvenile delinquency through a ______ approach. law enforcement letter of the law multidisciplinary discretionary | back 24 multidisciplinary |
front 25 The resulting death after a police encounter with which of the following African American males in 2020 accelerated the Black Lives Matter movement? George Floyd Michael Brown Freddie Gray Trayvon Martin | back 25 George Floyd |
front 26 Informal adjustment occurs only in the street. True False | back 26 False |
front 27 Officers who receive training in de-escalation techniques felt significantly more prepared to work with juveniles who are incarcerated True False | back 27 True |
front 28 Compared to non-internet juvenile prostitution cases, internet cases involved ______ victims. older more runaway younger more school dropout | back 28 younger |
front 29 In addition to providing security, school resource officers provide administrative support teaching counseling volunteer time | back 29 counseling |
front 30 Research has found conclusively that race plays a significant role in police arrest decisions True False | back 30 False |
front 31 With respect to abused or neglected children, police options are technically more restricted True False | back 31 True |
front 32 Which of the following investigative techniques would most likely be used to decrease internet victimization? interviewing students at local high schools police officers posing online as minors interviewing known gang members neighborhood canvasses | back 32 police officers posing online as minors |
front 33 Which of the following juveniles will the police likely handle unofficially a juvenile who is impertinent to police a juvenile who has prior contacts with the police a juvenile who is respectful a juvenile who have uncooperative parents | back 33 a juvenile who is respectful |
front 34 Effective training for juvenile officers should include techniques to ______aggressive youth. physically subdue avoid de-escalate argue with | back 34 de-escalate |
front 35 Police are likely to take official action in cases of disrespectful juveniles, especially when coupled with minority race an association with a local gang drug or alcohol intoxication other delinquent peers | back 35 drug or alcohol intoxication |
front 36 Cyberbullying cases have resulted in severe depression, self-harm, and even suicide among juveniles. True False | back 36 True |
front 37 Which strategy relies on the identification of problems by police and the people who live in the area they police, as well as a shared commitment to address these issues through law enforcement and order maintenance official procedure community policing overpolicing unofficial procedure | back 37 community policing |
front 38 Match the following theories of crime causation to the importance it has in the nature of police-juvenile interactions. the role that race and ethnicity play in crime: police attempts to intervene early in juvenile misconduct: differing reactions from police officers during juvenile encounters: allocation of police resource: Biological and genetic Behavior modification Labeling Social class | back 38 the role that race and ethnicity play in crime: Biological and genetic police attempts to intervene early in juvenile misconduct: Behavior modification differing reactions from police officers during juvenile encounters: Labeling allocation of police resource: Social class |
front 39 The main premise of the Miami Dade Schools Police Department program is a ______ model that emphasizes tools and interventions directed at at-risk youth. diversion correctional social service formal process | back 39 diversion |
front 40 The Black Lives Matter movement has gained significant support from all racial groups with the exception of Caucasians True False | back 40 False |
front 41 Which of the following behaviors among juveniles has provided one of the biggest challenges in juvenile policing? the use of social media widespread vandalism addressing truancy an increase in gang activity | back 41 the use of social media |
front 42 Mandated reporting laws have resulted in more ______ when it comes to abuse or neglect cases informal action stationhouse adjustment street corner adjustment official action | back 42 official action |
front 43 Raul is 15-year old who has been exhibiting signs of a mental or behavioral disorder. Police interaction would best be dealt with by an officer who had received which type of training Enhancing Police Responses to Children Exposed to Violence De-escalating Juvenile Aggression: For Law Enforcement Only Policing the Teen Brain Crisis Intervention Team for Youth | back 43 Crisis Intervention Team for Youth |
front 44 Which of the following involves an official action of the police talking to a group of juveniles on the street taking the juvenile to their home and informing their parents arresting a juvenile releasing the juvenile in question without arrest | back 44 arresting a juvenile |
front 45 Match the following definitions with the associated type of jurisdiction. One court has the sole jurisdiction; Two or more courts have jurisdiction over a case: Jurisdiction is shared between the juvenile and adult courts: Exclusive Concurrent Blended | back 45 One court has the sole jurisdiction; Exclusive Two or more courts have jurisdiction over a case: Concurrent Jurisdiction is shared between the juvenile and adult courts: Blended |
front 46 In which of the following scenarios might the removal of a child be in the best interest of a child? A parent suffers from depression and sometimes sleeps during the day. Children are not fed 3 meals a day due to limited food in the house. A parent leaves a 10-year-old home alone while they go to work. A child ends up in the hospital with bruising and broken bones | back 46 A child ends up in the hospital with bruising and broken bones |
front 47 A criminal trial in the juvenile court system is known as which of the following? dispositional hearing adjudicatory hearing petition detention hearing | back 47 adjudicatory hearing |
front 48 The historical progression of purposed clauses in the juvenile court can be characterized as ______. stacked linear circular cyclical | back 48 linear |
front 49 Which of the following individuals would be dealt with differently to avoid the label of delinquent? unruly child habitual offender chronic adult criminal violent juvenile | back 49 unruly child |
front 50 Rather than being arrested, a juvenile is said to be ______. disposed taken into custody adjudicated petitioned | back 50 taken into custody |
front 51 Juvenile court proceedings were originally conceptualized as which of the following? criminal civil get tough punitive | back 51 Civil |
front 52 The Uniform Juvenile Court Act provides judicial procedures so that all parties are assured ______. due process rehabilitation fairness formality | back 52 fairness |
front 53 Mandatory wavier proceedings are initiated in the ______ court. adult civil blended juvenile | back 53 juvenile |
front 54 Which of the following cases is designated to be heard in the juvenile court? dependency murder civil robbery | back 54 dependency |
front 55 Johnny is suspected of breaking and entering and is taken into custody by the police. Which stage of the justice system is he in? trial appeal arrest sentencing | back 55 arrest |
front 56 The goal of the juvenile court when dealing with the welfare of children is to preserve the family unit whenever possible. True False | back 56 True |
front 57 Why does the juvenile justice system use different terms from the adult justice system? to hold juveniles accountable for their crimes to protect the best interest of the child to label juveniles so they will not reoffend to consider variations in state laws | back 57 to protect the best interest of the child |
front 58 Which term refers to the type of sentencing used when a juvenile is sentenced to both adult sanctions and youth correctional sanctions? blended exclusive concurrent Inclusive | back 58 blended |
front 59 Juanita attended her adjudicatory hearing and was adjudicated as delinquent. What is the next step in the juvenile justice process? appeal dispositional hearing petition taking into custody | back 59 dispositional hearing |
front 60 As delinquency was thought to be ______, one of the main purposes of the juvenile court was to reduce stigmatization. dangerous less serious non-criminal infrequent | back 60 less serious |
front 61 Why was the Uniform Juvenile Court Act passed to establish juvenile courts in specific states to prevent the courts from becoming rehabilitative to standardize definitions and proceedings to broaden interpretations of delinquency | back 61 to standardize definitions and proceedings |
front 62 The struggle of the juvenile court to rehabilitate and also protect the community has led to the juvenile court being seen as discriminatory formal dichotomous contradictory | back 62 contradictory |
front 63 The first juvenile court act in the United States was passed in which of the following states in 1899 California Pennsylvania Illinois New York | back 63 Illinois |
front 64 The purpose of the first juvenile courts in the United States was to punish juveniles who are incarcerated True False | back 64 False |
front 65 Removal of a child from the family is a permanent decision True False | back 65 False |
front 66 What is the purpose of a juvenile court act? to apply federal juvenile court law to a specific state to give a juvenile court legal power to rule in capital cases to determine appropriate action for a specific crime to establish a juvenile court in a given state | back 66 to establish a juvenile court in a given state |
front 67 Community service is a type of ______ that a juvenile might receive appeal adjudication disposition petition | back 67 disposition |
front 68 The Uniform Juvenile Court Act defines delinquency as an act designated as a crime by local ordinance, state law, or federal law True False | back 68 True |
front 69 Match the following descriptions to the type of purpose clause of the juvenile justice system. no juvenile court purpose clause defined in statute: reflects the juvenile court’s role as the protector of children: allows for equal protections for juvenile defendants as adults : reforms that sought to reverse the impact of the get-tough era: uses evidence-based practices based on adolescent development :The developmental approach No clause Parents patriae Due process Balanced and restorative Justice The developmental approach | back 69 no juvenile court purpose clause defined in statute: No clause reflects the juvenile court’s role as the protector of children: Parents patriae allows for equal protections for juvenile defendants as adults :Due process reforms that sought to reverse the impact of the get-tough era: Balanced and restorative Justice uses evidence-based practices based on adolescent development :The developmental approach |
front 70 A recurring pattern of criminal behavior is known as ______ offending. status civil habitual unruly | back 70 habitual |
front 71 When was the earliest that all U.S. states had juvenile court acts within their statutory enactments or constitutions the mid-1900s the late 1800s the late 1900s the early 1900s | back 71 the mid-1900s |
front 72 Due to ______ protections, delinquency must be established beyond a reasonable doubt in juvenile cases. ethical constitutional equality informal | back 72 constitutional |
front 73 The juvenile court has ______ jurisdiction in cases involving minor or moderate delinquency inclusive concurrent exclusive blended | back 73 exclusive |
front 74 States often establish higher age limits in cases of ______ offenders person of color status habitual male | back 74 status |
front 75 The juvenile court was established with the concept of retribution rehabilitation punishment criminality | back 75 rehabilitation |
front 76 The Uniform Juvenile Court Act defines delinquency as an act designated as a crime by local ordinance, state law, or federal law True False | back 76 True |
front 77 The Uniform Juvenile Court Act established the age of ______ as the legal age at which illegal actions are considered criminal 16 25 18 21 | back 77 18 |
front 78 Balancing the dichotomy between the need for ______ and avoiding labeling people who are incarcerated is one of the biggest challenges facing the juvenile court today. support treatment punishment accountability | back 78 accountability |
front 79 All juvenile court acts define the ______ of the person who is incarcerated and the crime seriousness within the scope of the court. socioeconomic status gender age race | back 79 age |
front 80 A juvenile who is incarcerated suspected of bank robbery will likely be subject to ______ jurisdiction exclusive concurrent inclusive blended | back 80 concurrent |
front 81 All states have uniform upper and lower age limits True False | back 81 False |
front 82 Which of the following youths would be excluded from juvenile court jurisdiction Damon, a 15-year-old who is truant Sarah, a 17-year-old who is married Lisa, a 14-year-old soliciting prostitution Diego, a 16-year old, found smoking marijuana | back 82 Sarah, a 17-year-old who is married |
front 83 Why would states raise the upper age of juvenile court jurisdiction to limit the people entering the juvenile justice system to prevent people being served in the adult justice system to address the issue of those removed from their homes to reduce the population incarcerated in juvenile facilities | back 83 to prevent people being served in the adult justice system |
front 84 Which Supreme Court case requires due process in juvenile proceedings In re Gault Kent v. United States In re Winship Breed v. Jones | back 84 In re Gault |
front 85 Determining when to remove a child from the home is an easy task for the juvenile court. True False | back 85 False |
front 86 Why is the vocabulary different in the juvenile court to address the issue of those removed from their homes to reduce the population incarcerated in juvenile facilities to prevent people being served in the adult justice system to limit the people entering the juvenile justice system | back 86 to prevent people being served in the adult justice system |
front 87 Which of the following crimes would be excluded from delinquent acts robbery drug use murder truancy | back 87 truancy |
front 88 Court proceedings for a delinquent child allow for the civil standard of preponderance of evidence True False | back 88 False |
front 89 Which of the following people who are incarcerated would most likely be subject to an automatic waiver? a 16-year-old who is truant a 15-year-old who kills classmates in a school shooting an 18-year-old who has committed a robbery a 14-year-old who is unruly child | back 89 a 15-year-old who kills classmates in a school shooting |
front 90 Parents must be notified ______ of a juvenile’s status in custody. within 24 hours within a week at the department’s convenience reasonably quickly | back 90 reasonably quickly |
front 91 cases of delinquency, cases of unruly behavior, and cases involving serious abuse or neglect result in processing through the entire juvenile justice system. Only the most serious About a quarter of the Most More than half of the | back 91 Only the most serious |
front 92 A preliminary conference is often equated with which of the following? an informal adjustment a probationary sentence a plea bargain an adult sentence | back 92 an informal adjustment |
front 93 The most difficult issue when it comes to juveniles’ protections has been with the right to ______. remain silent in court counsel confront and cross-examine witnesses waive their Miranda rights | back 93 waive their Miranda rights |
front 94 Police take juveniles into custody only if they have broken a law. True False | back 94 False |
front 95 A juvenile who is suspected of which of the following would likely be officially processed through the juvenile justice system? robbing a store clerk with a gun painting graffiti on a building consuming alcohol skipping school once a week | back 95 robbing a store clerk with a gun |
front 96 What standard of proof is required for delinquency issues? preponderance of evidence reasonable belief beyond a reasonable doubt probable cause | back 96 beyond a reasonable doubt |
front 97 Shayla is appearing in court due to child abuse allegations against her mother. Who would appear on her behalf instead of her mother due to the conflict of interest? guardian ad litem judge prosecutor family friend | back 97 guardian ad litem |
front 98 Most jurisdictions require that official records kept on juveniles be maintained in separate and confidential files. True False | back 98 True |
front 99 A goal of the preliminary inquiry is to make a decision that will ______. balance punishment and rehabilitation consider the child’s home life emphasize accountability be in the best interest of the child | back 99 be in the best interest of the child |
front 100 A detention hearing must be held within 24 hours of a juvenile being placed in detention. True False | back 100 False |