front 1 emphysema | back 1 is a lung condition that causes SOB; alveoli are damaged that rupture over time — creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones; this reduces the surface area of the lungs and, in turn, the amount of oxygen that reaches your bloodstream. |
front 2 Empyema | back 2 extra fluid in the pleural space can also become infected, resulting in a buildup of pus; alongside fever |
front 3 Bronchietasis | back 3 is a chronic, irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles that results from destruction of muscles and elastic connective tissue characteristics include: chronic cough, lots of sputum, clubbing of fingers, hemoptysis |
front 4 Spirometry | back 4 used to evaluate airflow obstruction, which is determined by the ratio of forced expiration volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (anything less than 70% is sign of obstructive lung disease) |
front 5 hemoptysis | back 5 coughing up blood from the lungs |
front 6 Cystic Fibrosis | back 6 is an inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body; affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices common characteristics: bronchial mucus plugging, inflammation, and eventual bronchiectasis |
front 7 fremitus | back 7 palpation of the chest wall to detect changes in the intensity of vibrations created with certain spoken words in a constant tone and voice indicating underlying lung pathology - is decreased in bronchial asthma, pneumothorax, atelectasis, emphysema, or bronchial obstruction due to air trapping and decreased density of lung parenchyma |
front 8 Spiral Computed Tomography (CT) | back 8 most commonly used test to diagnose pulmonary emboli; contrast media may be given through IV |
front 9 chest x-ray | back 9 preparation includes undressing and removing any metal |
front 10 Bronchoscopy | back 10 used to detect changes in the bronchial tree, not to assess for vascular changes, and the patient should be NPO for 6-12 hours before the procedure |
front 11 Positron emission tomography (PET) | back 11 scans are most useful in determining the presence of malignancy; and a radioactive glucose preparation is used |
front 12 central cyanosis | back 12 prolonged hypoxia; late sign of respiratory distress. Look at nose, oral mucosa, lips |
front 13 Peripheral cyanosis | back 13 vasoconstriction, vascular occlusion or reduced cardiac output; look at fingers, toes |
front 14 bronchial (auscultation) | back 14 trachea; high pitch, loud intensity: blowing/hollow |
front 15 bronchovesicular | back 15 sternum, between scapula; moderate pitch, moderate intensity |
front 16 Vesicular | back 16 peripheral lung; low pitch, soft intensity, gentle rustling/breezy sound |
front 17 dyspnea | back 17 difficult or labored breathing |