lordosis

exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine; sway back

Osteoporosis

is the significant loss of bone mass and strength w/ an increased risk for fracture

Flat bones

include the sternum; main function is to provide vital organ protection

clonus

a rhythmic contraction of the muscle; occurs when the ankle is dorsiflexed or the wrist is extended

Fasciculations

involuntary twitching of muscle fibers groups

Contractures

are prolonged tightening of muscle groups

effusion

the pathologic escape of body fluid; the college iron of excessive fluid within the capsule of a joint

Tonus

state of readiness for muscles; produced by maintenance of some of the muscle fibers in a contracted state

Spasticity

a muscle with greater-than-normal tone

Atony

soft and flabby muscle tone

Flaccidity

a muscle that is limp and without tone

Bone Densitometry

used to detect bone density and can be used to assess the risk of fractures in osteoporosis

Arthrography

used to detect acute or chronic tears of joint capsule or supporting ligaments

Bone scans

used to detect metastatic and primary bone tumors, osteomyelitis, certain fractures, and aseptic necrosis

Athroscopy

used to visualize a joint

Telangiectasias

consist of red marks on the skin caused by the stretching of superficial blood vessels

Ecchymosis

aka bruises

purpura

consist of pinpoint hemorrhages into the skin

Urticariais

aka wheals or hives

Cherry angiomas

appear as bright red "moles"; common in the elderly, usually benign

solar lentigo

aka "liver spots"

Seborrheickeratoses

described as crusty brown "stuck on" patches

Xanthelasma

appears as yellowish, waxy deposits on the upper eyelids

Macules

is a flat, non palpable skin color change

papule

is an elevated, solid, palpable mass

vesicle

circumscribed, elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid

pustule

a puss-filled vescicle

Addison's disease

patient will exhibit a bronze discoloration to their skin due to increased melanin production

Nodule

- a growth of abnormal tissue; can develop just below the skin, develop in deeper skin tissues, or internal organs

- a solid skin lesion more than 1 cm and usually involve deeper layers of skin

wheal (weal)

aka hives; superficial skin-colored or pale skin sweeping, usually surrounded by erythema

vesicle

- break easily and release fluid onto the skin

- is small, no more than 5 millimeters wide (if larger its called a bulla)

aka blister

Skin lesion

any area of skin that's abnormal from the skin around it; are very common and often the result of damage to the skin (ex: injury)

- very general (literally all others term fit under this umbrella term)

excoriation disorder

aka skin picking disorder or dermatillomania

main sign = can't stop picking skin

keloid

type of scar; is a smooth, hard growth that occurs as a result of excessive scar formation

exudate

is any fluid released by an organism through pores or a wound

pallor

- is a pale color of the skin that can be caused by illness, emotional shock, stress, stimulant use, or anemia

- check lips, lining of eyes, palms of hands, inside of mouth, and surface of tongue is pallor is suspected on patients with darker skin

petechiae

are round freckle-like spots that appear on the skin; occur due to bleeding from the capillaries that attached arteries to the veins

- may look like a rash and are red, brown, or purple

cyanosis

bluish tone to the skin, lips, or nails; occurs when the blood lacks oxygen

nosocomial

a hospital-acquired infection

purulent

consisting of, containing, or discharging pus

serous

any of various body fluids resembling serum, that are typically pale yellow or transparent; of a benign nature

jaundice

condition where the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes (inside of nose and mouth) turn yellow

pustule

a small blister or pimple on the skin containing pus (<1 cm)

turgor

the state of turgidity and resulting rigidity of cells or tissues, typically due to the absorption of fluid

- can be sign of hydration

serosanguineous

means contains or relates to both blood and the liquid part of blood (serum)

fissure

is small tear in the skin

edema

is swelling caused by too much fluid trapped in the body's tissues; can affect any part of the body but is most likely to show up in the legs and feet

sanguineous

fluid that resembles or contains blood

ulcer

are injuries to the skin and tissue below the skin that are due to pressure on the skin for a long time; usually found over a bony prominence

erythema

superficial Redding of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irrational causing dilation of the blood capillaries

crepitus

grating/cracking sound or sensation act a point of motion; usually a sign of a fracture

supination

rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward

abduction

movement of a body part away from the main axis

pronation

rotation of the hand and forearm so that the palm faces backwards or downwards

adduction

movement of a body part toward the main axis

hemiparesis

is one-sided muscle weakness

inversion

the condition of being turned inward; refers to the medial rotation of the foot frequently leading to a sprained ankle

circumduction

circular movement of a body segment, such as a limb

hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body (either the right or left side of the body); can be temporary or permanent

flexion

movement that decreases the angle of a joint

eversion

lateral rotation of the foot; the act of turning inside out

paralysis

the loss of the ability to move (and sometimes feel anything) in part or most of the body

cachexic/cachexia

aka wasting syndrome; is a condition that causes significant weight loss or muscle loss

- often affects people w/ sever chronic disease like advanced cancer and heart disease

extension

a type of movement that increases the angle of a joint in a sagittal plane (ex: straightening the knee)