front 1 What is distillation? | back 1 The process of separating the components of a liquid mixture through selective evaporation and condensation. |
front 2 Identify the simple breakdown of steps when doing a distillation. Distillation set up | back 2 no data |
front 3 What is a simple distillation? | back 3 no data |
front 4 What are the two cases where it is possible to get a good separation by using a simple distillation? | back 4 no data |
front 5 What is fractional distillation? When should it be used? | back 5 no data |
front 6 Be able to identify the following parts on a simple & fractional distillation apparatus: distilling flask, distilling head, fractional distillation column, condenser, vacuum adapter, and receiving flask. | back 6 no data |
front 7 Azeotrope mixture | back 7 no data |
front 8 Purpose of adding boiling chips. | back 8 no data |
front 9 Distillation is the separation of multiple ___ components based on their ___. As the mixture is heated and the first component ___, its ___ form travels through the distillation set-up and ___ into a different container. | back 9 - liquid - boiling points - boils - vapor - condenses |
front 10 To insert a thermometer into an adapter, use ___ to prepare the thermometer. Then, hold the thermometer ___ the adapter and ___ the thermometer into the adapter. | back 10 - mineral oil - close to - slowly turn |
front 11 What are the concerns presented by overheating a distillation to a dry flask? | back 11 - The remaining solid residue might contain explosive peroxides. - The empty glassware might heat quickly, igniting vapors from the distillation. |
front 12 Before turning on the heat for a microscale distillation, what should you confirm about the set-up? | back 12 - Existence of some opening in the set-up. - Secure connections at the joint. - Presence of boiling chip in the sample. |
front 13 Where should the tip of the thermometer be placed in a microscale distillation set-up? | back 13 At or slightly below the sidearm of the distillation head. |
front 14 An azeotrope is a mixture that has ___ composition in the ___. Therefore, an azeotropic mixture ___ be separated by distillation. | back 14 - the same - gas and liquid phases - cannot |
front 15 Suppose you are using distillation to separate cyclohexane and toluene. The boiling point of cyclohexane is ___ and the boiling point of toluene is ___. Therefore, the liquid collected first should be ___. | back 15 - 81°C - 111°C - cyclohexane |
front 16 Summary flow chart of the separation of 3-nitroaniline, benzoic acid, and naphthalene. | back 16 no data |
front 17 In a separatory funnel, which layer is top layer and which layer is bottom layer? Why? | back 17 no data |
front 18 How can you separate an organic acid and an organic base using separatory funnel? | back 18 no data |
front 19 Determine which base will work to deprotonate each compound in an acid/base extraction. | back 19 no data |
front 20 Determine which base will work to deprotonate each compound in an acid/base extraction. | back 20 no data |
front 21 Determine which base will work to deprotonate each compound in an acid/base extraction. | back 21 no data |
front 22 Leaves impurities in their starting layer. | back 22 Extraction |
front 23 Often involves a reaction in one of the layers. | back 23 Extraction |
front 24 Moves desired compound from one layer to another. | back 24 Extraction |
front 25 Moves impurities from one layer to another. | back 25 Wash |
front 26 Leaves desired compound in its starting layer. | back 26 Wash |
front 27 Suppose you are performing an extraction procedure with a carboxylic acid, like a benzoic or toluic acid. Which layer should contain the carboxylate in a two-layer mixture of water and an organic solvent, like diethyl ether? | back 27 The organic layer |
front 28 You then add a base to form the corresponding carboxylate. Which layer should contain the carboxylate in a two-layer mixture of water and an organic solvent, like diethyl ether? | back 28 The aqueous layer |
front 29 What is the purpose of a drying agent in the work up of an organic reaction? | back 29 To absorb small amounts of water in an organic solution |
front 30 When using acids and bases, note that these substances are ___. Make every effort to avoid contact with ___. Be sure to wipe up any spills ___. | back 30 - corrosive - the skin and lab surfaces - immediately |
front 31 Aniline involves an amine, which is a ___ functional group. When an aqueous acid solution is added to an organic solution including aniline, the aniline appears in the ___ layer in its ___ form. Then, a base is added to ___ the aniline. | back 31 - basic - aqueous - protonated - reconstitute |
front 32 Extract reconstituted 3-nitroaniline out of the aqueous layer. | back 32 Dicloromethane |
front 33 Extract aniline into the aqueous layer. | back 33 5% HCl solution |
front 34 Reconstitute benzoic acid from aqueous layer. | back 34 6M HCl |
front 35 Extract reconstituted benzoic acid out of the aqueous layer. | back 35 Dicloromethane |
front 36 Extract benzoic acid into the aqueous layer. | back 36 5% NaOH solution |
front 37 Reconstitute aniline from aqueous layer. | back 37 6M NaOH |
front 38 What hazards are associated with naphtalene? | back 38 - Naphtalene is flammable. - Naphtalene is toxic. - Naphtalene produces nauseating vapors. |
front 39 Percentage recovery calculation. | back 39 % recovery = (amount recovered/starting amount) x 100 |
front 40 Before adding a sample or solvent into a separatory funnel, what should you have in place? | back 40 - A funnel in the top of the separatory funnel. - A flask under the separatory funnel. - A stopcock in the closed position. |
front 41 To determine the layers in a separation of organic and aqueous solutions, you can add a small amount of ___ to the top. If the top layer is aqueous, the addition will ___ the top layer. If the bottom layer is aqueous, the addition will ___ the top layer and ___ the bottom layer. | back 41 - water drops - combine with - travel through - combine with |
front 42 What is the purpose of the brine wash? | back 42 To reduce the amount of water in the organic solution. |
front 43 What is the visual indicator that enough of a drying agent, such as anhydrous MgSO4 or CaCl2, has been added to properly dry an organic solution? | back 43 The drying agent will move freely like a powder around the solution. |