front 1 TRUE/FALSE | back 1 True |
front 2 The primary cardiovascular control center is located in the.... | back 2 medulla oblongata |
front 3 The drug choice for treating hypertensive diabetic patients is... | back 3 ACE inhibitors |
front 4 A nurse observes a cardiologist multiplying the heart rate by stroke volume, what is the cardiologist measuring? | back 4 Cardiac output |
front 5 A nurse takes an adult patient's BP and determines it to stage I hypertension. What reading did the nurse obtain? | back 5 Systolic pressure between 140-159 & diastolic pressure between 90-99 |
front 6 Most of combined systolic and diastolic hypertension have no known cause and are documented on the chart as _________ hypotension | back 6 primary (no known cause) *its secondary when the cause is identifiable |
front 7 A 52-year-old is diagnosed with primary hypertension but has no other health problems. The treatment will start with.... | back 7 A diuretic |
front 8 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the.... | back 8 Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II |
front 9 HIgh blood pressure increases the risk of the following except... A. stroke B. renal disease C. Ischemic heart disease D. Diabetes | back 9 Diabetes |
front 10 True/False Stable angina is classified as an acute coronary syndrome. | back 10 False |
front 11 Which of the following is NOT a predisposing risk factor for myocardial infarction? A. Diabetes mellitus B. Hypertension C. Elevated serum lipid levels D. Stroke | back 11 Stroke |
front 12 Coronary artery disease occurs when.... A. The body's glucose supply exceeds demand B. The body's water demand exceeds supply C. The body's oxygen demand exceeds supply D. The bpdy's oxygen supply exceeds demand | back 12 The body's oxygen demand exceeds supply |
front 13 The main symptoms of coronary artery disease is... | back 13 angina |
front 14 How long does it take for cardiac troponins to be elevated after a myocardial infarction? | back 14 Within 4-6hrs |
front 15 When a patient is diagnosed with coronary artery disease, the nurse assesses etiology of myocardial as... A. hypertrophy B. Ischemia C. Necrosis D. Inflammation | back 15 Ischemia |
front 16 A patient is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Which of the following modifiable risk factors would the nurse suggest the patient change? | back 16 Smoking cigarettes |
front 17 A 26-year-old female presents to her primary care provider, reporting chest pain at rest and with exertion. She is most likely experiencing which type of angina? | back 17 Pizmental (Chest pain at rest and exertion) |
front 18 A 51-year-old male is at the health clinic for an annual physical exam. After walking from the car to the clinic, he developed substernal pain that lasted 2-3 minutes and then was subsiding with rest. He indicates that this occurred frequently over the past few months with similar exertion. The nurse suspects he is most likely experiencing | back 18 Stable angina |
front 19 True/False Most myocardial infarctions occur when an atherosclerotic plaque stimulates thrombus formation at the site. | back 19 True |
front 20 A 68-year-old male presents to the ER reporting chest pain. He has a history of stable angina that now appears to be unstable. He most likely has... | back 20 Impending myocardial infarction (MI) |
front 21 The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is... | back 21 ST-segment elevation |
front 22 The compensatory mechanisms that are triggered following myocardial infarction... | back 22 Increase myocardial oxygen demands |
front 23 TRUE/FALSE Heart failure occurs as a result of impaired arterial function due to abnormality of myocardial muscle. | back 23 False |
front 24 Which of these tests would identify the cause and severity of heart failure? A. Electrocardiogram B. X-Ray C. Cardiac enzymes D. Echocardiogram | back 24 D. Echocardiogram |
front 25 Heart failure can usually be treated quickly with which type of drug? | back 25 Diuretics |
front 26 A patient with left heart failure starts to have a cough and dyspnea. Pulmonary symptoms common to left heart failure are a result of... | back 26 Pulmonary vascular congestion |
front 27 A potential cause for right heart failure is... | back 27 left heart failure |
front 28 TRUE/FALSE | back 28 True |
front 29 A 72-year-old female has a history of right heart failure caused by a right ventricular myocardial infarction. Which of the following symptoms are specifically related to her right heart failure? A. Significant edema to both lower legs and feet B. Hypertension C. Decreased urine output D. Dyspnea upon exertion | back 29 Significant edema to both lower legs and feet |
front 30 The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is.... | back 30 Reduced cardiac output |
front 31 The following are the causes of heart failure EXCEPT A. myocardial ischemia B. Hypertension C. Valvular stenosis D. Urinary retention | back 31 Urinary retention |
front 32 The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is... | back 32 digitalis |
front 33 TRUE/FALSE All forms of shock are associated with inadequate tissue perfusion. | back 33 True |
front 34 Cardiogenic shock is characterized by... | back 34 reduced cardiac output (CO) |
front 35 A patient with cold extremities and low cardiac output is NOT likely to be experiencing ______ shock. A. Cardiogenic B. Hypovolemic C. Obstructive D. Septic | back 35 Septic |
front 36 A 20-year-old female is being admitted to the hospital with fever and septic shock. Which set of assessment findings would the nurse expect the patient to exhibit? A. Bradycardia, palpitations, confusion, tuncal rash B. Severe respiratory distress, jugular venous distention, chest pain C. Low blood pressure and tachycardia D. Reduced cardiac output, increased systemic vascular resistance | back 36 C. Low blood pressure and tachycardia |
front 37 TRUE/FALSE | back 37 False |
front 38 A 27-year-old male is admitted to a neurological unit with a complete C-5 spinal cord transection. On initial assessment, he is bradycardic, hypotensive, and hyperventilating. He appears to be going into shock. The most likely mechanism of his shock is... A. Hypovolemia caused by blood loss B. Hypovolemia caused by evaporative fluid losses C. Vasodilation caused by gram-negative bacterial infection D. Vasodilation caused by a decrease in sympathetic stimulation | back 38 D. Vasodilation caused by a decrease in sympathetic stimulation |
front 39 A 5-year-old male who is allergic to peanuts eats a peanut butter cup. He then goes into anaphylactic shock. Which assessment finding will the nurse asses. A. Bradycardia, decreased arterial pressure, and oliguria B. Brochoconstriction, hives or edema, and hypotension C. Hypertension, anxiety and tachycardia D. Fever, hypotension, and erythematous rash | back 39 B. Brochoconstriction, hives or edema, and hypotension |
front 40 True/False Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with anaphylactic shock. | back 40 True |
front 41 An 82-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with confusion and severe hypotension. Her body's compensatory mechanisms are increased heart rate and vasoconstriction. She is suffering from _______ shock. | back 41 Hypovolemic |
front 42 TRUE or False Asthma is a chronic disorder of the alveoli. | back 42 False |
front 43 What is the main risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder? | back 43 Smoking |
front 44 The main reason for air trapping in emphysema is... | back 44 loss of recoil traction |
front 45 Extrinsic asthma is associated with... | back 45 IgE-mediated airway inflammation |
front 46 Which of the following is NOT a symptom of asthma? A. Cough B. Wheezing C. Chest tightening D. Chest Infection | back 46 D. Chest Infection |
front 47 A patients arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels what is the most likely cause of this situation | back 47 hyperventilation |
front 48 Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is due to | back 48 The release of proteolytic enzyme |
front 49 Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma is related to | back 49 exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulaiton |
front 50 Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance in asthma is caused by... | back 50 mucous secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema |
front 51 Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of a severe asthma attack? A. Orthopnea C. Intercostal retractions C. Tachycardia: >120 beats/min D. All of the above | back 51 All of the above |
front 52 A 22-year-old present with chronic bronchitis. Test reveal closure of the airway during expiration. This condition is most likely caused by... A. Thick mucus from hypertrophied glands B. Pulmonary hypertension C. Hyperventilation D. Thinning smooth muscle in the bronchioles | back 52 A. Thick mucus from hypertrophied glands |
front 53 Individuals with a recent diagnosis of chronic bronchitis should be assessed for which most common complication? A. Left-sided heart failure B. Pulmonary edema C. Stroke D. Cor pulmonale | back 53 no data |
front 54 A child's physician prescribes a bronchodilation agent for her. Which of the following drugs would be in this category? A. a1 -Adrenergic agonist B. B2-Adrenergic antagonist C. Parasympathomimetic D. B2-Adrenergic agonist | back 54 D. B2-Adrenergic agonist |
front 55 A 60-year-old with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. Assessment shows an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. The nurse attributes this finding to: A. Air trapping B. Decreased inspiratory reserve volumes C. Increased flow rates D. Alveolar destruction | back 55 A. Air trapping |
front 56 Chronic bronchitis often leads to cor pulmonale because of A. Ventricular hypoxia B. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance C. Left ventricular dysfunction D. hypervolemia | back 56 B. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance |
front 57 TRUE/FALSE Pneumonia is an acute infection of the bronchi | back 57 False |
front 58 True/False albutamol is a short-acting beta 2 agonist used to treat asthma symptoms. | back 58 True |
front 59 Which of the following would identify the type of pneumonia infection? A. Sputum culture B. Chest X-ray C. Pulse oximetry D. Arterial blood gas analysis | back 59 A. Sputum culture |
front 60 Which of the following lab values would the nurse expect In a patient who has sustained trauma to the lungs and chest wall and is experiencing respiratory failure? A. Electrolyte imbalances B. Elevated PaCO2 C. Low hematocrit D. Elevated pH | back 60 B. Elevated PaCO2 |
front 61 A 50-year-old presents with hypotension, hypoxemia, and tracheal deviation to the left. Based on these assessment findings, what does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? a. Exudative effusion b. open pneumothorax c. Tension pneumothorax d. Transudative effusion | back 61 no data |